BX  8069  .Al  1888 

Augsburg  Confession 

The  Augsburg  Confesssion 


THE 

AuGSBURG  Confession. 

TRANSLATED  FROM  THE  LATIN,  IN   1536. 


BY 

RICHARD  TAVERNER, 

Tmnslator  of  The  English  Bible''''  of  1539 ■ 

With  the  Variations  of  the  English  Translations,  directly 
or  indirectly  dependent  thereon. 

Edited  for  the  Use  of  the  Joint  Committee  of  the  General 

CovNciL,  the  General  Synod  and  the  United  Synod  of 

the  South,  charged  with  the  preparation 

OF  A  Revised  Translation, 

BY     HENRY     E.    JACOBS, 

Secretary  of  the   Commitlee. 


PUBLISHED  EOR    THE  JOINT  COMMITTEE. 


PHILADELPHIA  : 

Lutheran    Publication   Society. 

1888. 


Copyright,  i8S8, 

BY  M.  VALENTINE  AND  H.  E.  JACOBS, 

For  the  Joint  Committee  of  the  General  Council,  the  General  Synod,  and 
the  United  Synod  of  the  South,  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church. 


PRESS  OF 
THE  JAS.  B.  RODQERS  PRir 
52  &  5*  N.  SIXTH  STI 
PHILADELPHIA 


PREFACK. 


Seventy-five  years  before  the  publication  of  King 
James'  or  the  Authorized  English  Version  of  the 
Bible,  the  translation  of  the  Augsburg  Confession, 
here  reprinted,  was  prepared  by  Richard  Taverner, 
then  Chief  Secretary'  to  Henry  the  Eighth's  minis- 
ter, Thomas  Crumwell.  It  is  a  memorial  of  those 
negotiations  with  the  Lutheran  theologians  at  Wit- 
tenberg which  not  only  for  a  time  promised  the 
reformation  of  the  English  Church  upon  a  thor- 
oughly Lutheran  basis,  but  when  this  was  not 
accomplished,  made  the  Augsburg  Confession  the 
great  source  whence  successive  English  ecclesiastical 
formularies  derived  much  of  their  material.  Nor 
was  the  translation  of  Taverner  made  only  for  the- 
ologians, but  as  the  "  Epistle  of  the  Translator " 
clearly  shows,  it  was  designed  to  be  scattered  broad- 
cast throughout  the  kingdom,  "  that  the  people,  for 
whose  sakes  the  book  was  commanded  to  be  trans- 
lated may  the  more  greedily  devour  the  same." 
The  ravages  of  time,  and  above  all,  the  fires  of  per- 
secution, have  made  copies  of  this  book  exceedingly 
rare.  During  the  reign  of  Mary,  as  one  of  the 
writings  of  Luther,  Melanchthon,  etc.,  it  was  classed 
among  the  condemned  books,  which  by  the  procla- 
mation of  June  13th,  1555,  it  was  a  crime  not  only 
to  circulate,  but  even  to  have  in  possession,  and  to 
destroy   which    "  all    justices    of   peace,    mayors, 


iv  PREFA  CE. 

sheriffs,  bailiffs  of  cities  and  towns  corporate,"  were 
enjoined  to  "  enter  into  the  house,  or  houses,  closets 
and  secret  places  of  every  person  of  whatever 
degree,  being  negligent  in  this  behalf  and  suspected 
to  keep  any  such  book,  writing  or  works  contrary 
to  this  proclamation."  But  Lutheranism  was, 
nevertheless,  destined  to  have  an  important  place 
among  English-speaking  people ;  and  one  of  the 
copies  that  escaped  the  notice  of  the  officers  of  the 
Romish  queen,  has  recently  been  secured  for  the 
General  Council  in  America,  through  the  industri- 
ous researches  and  prompt  action  of  the  English 
Secretary  of  the  Church  Book  Committee,  Rev.  Dr. 
B.  M.  Schmucker.  To  him  also  is  due  the  discov- 
ery that  the  translation  contained  in  the  Harmony 
of  the  Confessions  of  1586,  and  reprinted,  with 
slight  changes,  in  Hall's  Harmony  of  1844,  was 
either  made  upon  the  basis  of  Taverner,  or  resulted 
from  the  correction  of  an  inferior  translation  by  the 
free  use  of  Taverner.  When  the  Joint  Committee, 
charged  with  the  preparation  of  a  common  transla- 
tion to  be  used  by  English-speaking  Lutherans  in 
America,  organized  at  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  July  t2th, 
1888,  Taverner's  work  was  accordingly  adopted  as 
the  basis  of  ours,  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Commit- 
tee was  instructed  to  transcribe  it  in  a  modernized 
form  from  the  old  black  letter-text,  and  to  record 
in  foot-notes  the  varied  readings  of  the  Harmony 
of  1586,  and  its  successive  revisions.  It  soon 
became  noticeable  that  the  more  thorough  the 
revision  the  more  complete  the  return  to  this  old 
version. 

Writers  on  the  history  of  the  English  Bible 
warmly  commend  the  attainments  of  Taverner  as  a 
Biblical  translator,  and  the  vigor  and  care  of  his 
renderings,  some  of  which   have   passed   into  our 


PRE  FA  CE.  V 

English  Bible.  Of  his  version  of  1539,  which  was 
in  reality  only  a  revision  of  IMatthews'  Bible,  Dr. 
Eadie  (History  of  the  English  Bible,  Vol.  I.,  p.  344) 
says:  "  Taverner's  scholarship  appears  on  every 
page  in  many  minute  touches."  Wcstcott  (History 
of  Eng.  Bib.,  p.  216)  says:  "  Taverncr  aims  equally 
at  compression  and  vividness.  .  .  In  his  anxiety 
to  keep  to  the  Greek  text  he  becomes  even  obscure 
or  inaccurate ;  but  he  introduced  substantial  im- 
provements into  the  translation  by  his  regard  for 
the  article.  .  .  It  remains  a  monument  of  one 
man's  critical  power."  "  Scarcely  a  page  will  fail 
to  show  changes  made  for  the  sake  of  clearness  and 
force."  Among  a  number  of  changes  made  by 
Taverner,  and  incorporated  in  the  Authorized  Ver- 
sion, are  "Parable"  (previously  "Similitude"), 
"  Ninety  and  nine,"  "  Because  of  their  unbelief," 
"  Things  of  God,"  "  Things  of  men,"  etc. 

In  this  translation  of  the  Augsburg  Confession, 
the  marked  individuality  and  versatile  genius  of  the 
accomplished  classical  scholar  who  fluently  cited 
the  statutes  of  the  land  in  Greek,  of  the  well-versed 
lawyer  and  diplomat,  of  the  diligent  student  of 
theology,  of  the  industrious  writer  of  sermons  and 
lay  preacher,  of  the  skilful  translator  of  many  evan- 
gelical books  who  had  learned  by  much  experience 
how  well  the  Lutheran  faith  could  find  utterance  in 
the  old  English  tongue,  before  its  simplicity  was 
corrupted  by  stilted  Latinisms,  of  the  dauntless 
confessor  of  the  Gospel  who  bore  bonds  and  im- 
prisonment, and  was  ready  to  lay  down  his  life  also, 
for  the  faith  which  he  so  zealously  advocated,  even 
of  the  slightly  eccentric  recluse,  as  quaint  as  he  is 
sharp,  terse  and  forceful,  are  most  plainly  seen.  As 
loyal  to  the  original  as  to  the  Gospel  which  it  de- 
clares, his  demands  for  exactness  are  such  that  fre- 


vi  PREFA  CE. 

quently,  according  to  the  usage  of  his  profession  as 
a  lawyer,  he  calls  to  his  aid  a  pair  or  more  of 
synonyms  in  order  to  express  the  full  contents  of 
a  single  Latin  word.  Thus  e.  g.,  Art.  I.  "  Ghost  or 
Spirit ;"  Art.  II.  "  Concupiscence  or  lust,"  "  Dis- 
ease or  sore;"  Art.  III.  "Conjoined  and  knit," 
"  A  sacrifice  and  host ;"  Art.  V.  "  Favor  and  grace;" 
Art.  VI.  "Ordained  and  instituted;"  Art.  XVI. 
"  Leaving,  forsaking  or  giving  over,"  etc.  Similar 
examples  may  be  found  in  almost  every  page. 

The  translation  was  made  by  Taverner,  not  from 
the  Editio  Princcps,  found  in  the  Book  of  Concord, 
and  which  the  Committee  has  determined  to  follow, 
but  from  the  second  Latin,  or  octavo  edition  of 
1 53 1.  The  variations,  however,  are  mostly  small, 
many  of  them  not  sufficient  to  appear  in  a  transla- 
tion. Where  they  affect  the  translation,  they  are 
indicated  in  the  foot-notes. 

The  fact  that  a  limited  number  of  copies  of  this 
reprint  have  been  provided  for  a  wider  circle 
than  the  Committee,  has  induced  us  to  write  here 
more  fully  than  in  an  official  publication  we  would 
otherwise  have  done.  We  have  hoped  thereby  to 
render  this  heretofore  inaccessible  Lutheran  classic, 
whose  sturdy  English  is  more  than  half  a  century 
older  than  that  of  the  first  productions  of  Shake- 
speare and  Jonson,  more  acceptable  to  the  con- 
stantly-increasing numbers  of  those  who  confess  the 
same  Lutheran  faith  in  the  same  English  tongue. 

H.  E.  J. 

4303  Walnut  Street,  Philadelphia. 
Altgust  17th,  1S8S. 


ENGLISH    TRANSLATIONS, 

BASED    UPON,    OR  REVISED    ACCORDING   TO  THAT 
OF   TAVERXER. 


A  That  contained  in  the  book  with  the  following 
title: 

"An  Harmony  of  the  Confessions  of  the  Faith 
of  the  Christian  and  Reformed  Churches,  which 
purelie  professe  the  holy  doctrine  of  the  Gos- 
pell,  in  all  the  chiefe  Kingdomes,  Nations  and 
Provinces  of  Europe,  the  catalogue  and  order 
whereof  the  pages  following  will  declare.  There 
are  added  in  the  ende  verie  shorte  notes  ;  in 
which  both  the  obscure  thinges  are  made 
plaine,  and  those  thinges  which  may  in  shew 
seeme  to  be  contrairie  each  together,  are  plainlie 
and  very  modestly  reconciled,  and  if  anie  points 
do  as  yet  hang  in  doubt,  they  are  sincerely 
pointed  at.  All  which  things,  in  the  name  of 
the  churches  of  France  and  Belgia,  are  sub- 
mitted to  the  free  and  descrete  judgement  of 
all  other  churches.  Newlie  translated  out  of 
Latine  and  English.  Also  in  the  end  is  added 
the  Confession  of  the  Church  of  Scotland. 
Alowed  by  publique  authoritie.     Imprinted  by 


2  THE   AUGSBURG   CONFESSION. 

Thomas  Thomas,  Printer  to  the  Universltie  of 
Cambridge,  1586."      i6mo,  pp.  608  +  23. 
B  That  contained  in   the  modern   reprint  of  the 

above,  known  as : 

"  The  Harmon)^  of  the  Protestant  Confessions  : 
Exhibiting  the  Faith  of  the  Churches  of  Christ 
Reformed  after  the  Pure  and  Holy  Doctrine  of 
the  Gospel,  throughout  Europe.  Translated 
from  the  Latin.  A  New  Edition,  Revised  and 
considerably  enlarged,  by  the  Rev.  Peter  Hall, 
M.A.,  Rector  of  Milston,  Wilts;  and  Minister 
of  Long-Acre  Chapel,  London.  London  :  John 
F.  Shaw,  27  Southampton  Row,  Russell  Square. 
1844."  8vo,  pp.  640. 
C  The  translation  edited  by  the  late  Charles  Por- 

terfield    Krauth,    D.D.,    LL.D.,    making  extensive 

changes  in  B  by  a  comparison  with  the  Latin  of  the 

Editio  Prince ps.     Philadelphia,  1868.      i2mo,pp.  91. 

Also  found  in  "The  Church  Book  "  of  the  General 

Council. 

C^  The  same  translation,  still  further  corrected 

by  Dr.  Krauth  in  Schaff's  Creeds  of  Christendom. 

New    York :    Harper    &    Brothers.     First    edition, 

1877.     Fourth    edition,    1884.     The    translation  is 

contained  in  Vol.  HI.,  pp.  1-73.     Comparison  has 

been  made  with  the  Fourth  Edition. 

C"  The  same   translation,  read   in   proof,  by  Dr. 

Krauth,  and   changed   in   several   places,  for  "  The 

Book  of  Concord  "  (Jacobs),   Philadelphia ;   G.  W. 

Frederick.     1882. 

D  A    thorough    revision    of  C,    made    by  Prof 

J.  D.  Jacobson,  of  Luther  College,  Decorah,  Iowa, 

and  published  with  following  title  : 

"The  Augsburg  Confession,  translated  from  the 
Latin  Original,  together  with  the  three  Gene- 
ral Creeds.     Revised  Edition.    Decorah,  Iowa: 


THE  AUGSBCRG  COXFESSION.  3 

Lutheran  Publishing  House,  1878."  i2mo,  pp. 
68. 

Variations  of  C\  C^  and  D  from  C  are  noted. 
Where  no  mention  is  made  of  these  translations, 
they  agree  with  C. 

The  aim  has  been  to  give  every  variation  of  A, 
B  and  C  from  Taverner.  Where  no  mention  is 
made  of  any  one  of  them,  it  harmonizes  with  the 
text  above.  Thus  where  a  reading  is  designated 
only  A  B,  and  no  other  letter  occurs  in  that  note, 
C.  C\  C",  D  have  reverted  to  Taverner's  reading. 
Where  C  stands  alone,  A  B  agree  with  Taverner, 
and  C,  C,  C",  D  harmonize  with  C,  except  a  uni- 
form variation  of  D  below  noted.  Where  A  D  oc- 
curs, A  has  corrected  Taverner,  B,  followed  by  C, 
C\  C",  has  made  a  change,  and  D  has  restored  the 
emendation  of  A. 

It  must,  however,  be  remembered  that  the  Preface, 
the  Conclusion  to  Part  I,  the  Introduction  to  Part 
II,  and  the  Conclusion  of  the  Confession  are  not 
found  in  A  B,  and  Arts,  xxvii,  42-47;  xxvii,  39,  40, 
owing  to  the  variations  between  the  Editio  Princeps 
of  1530-31,  and  the  octavo  edition  of  1531,  are 
found  only  in  C,  and  the  translations  which  follow  it. 

Besides  the  variations  indicated  in  the  notes,  D 
uniformly  changes  the  archaic  into  the  modern  form 
of  the  verb,  e.g.,  "  Teach  "  for  "  Do  teach,"  "  Com- 
pells  "  for  "  Compelleth,"  etc. 


Facsimile  of  Original  Title. 


cjtibictb  to  t^emoofte  i»icto^# 
out  ^^eroar  Ctjarlea  t!)e. 
t.fnti)t  £ounccll  o;  d^mble 
^olDcn  at  Suguftfl  t^e  r^tt  of 

OOttOjDC.If^o. 

Io0(e  of  #elanctl)on  tDljo  oe^ 
fenOct^  koat)  rcafons  inwnti 
h\z  tl)e  afo^crapDe  confeirpon 
tranflatcD  b)»  Upct^aeDc  ti:as 
uerncr  at  tt)e  comsuaenif  t  of 
ILo^e  i51)onia9  €}omMoti\ 
ftofbc  f3Mup  Ccale  anD  cl)cfe 
^ctretarrc  tp  tt)c  Utgcs  grace 

IdCaimo  .119. 
3nD  3  rpak«  of  t^p  tiQtmo 
nie0  tn  t^e  p^ciencc  of  bpngca 
atiD  39  toas  not  (onfounOf  0. 


THE   AUGSBURG   COXFESSION.  i 

THE 

EPISTLE  OF  THE  TRANSLATOR, 


To  the  Right  Honorable  Lord  Thomas  Crum- 
well,  Lord  Privy  Seal  and  Chief  Secretary-  to  the 
King's  noble  grace,  his  humble  servant  Richard 
Taverner  wisheth  continual  health  and  prosperity. 

Who  can,  unless  he  be  mortally  infected  with  the 
pestiferous  poison  of  envy,  most  highly  commend, 
magnify  and  extol  Your  Right  Honorable  Lord- 
ship's most  circumspect  godliness  and  most  godly 
circumspection  in  the  cause  and  matter  of  our 
Christian  religion,  which,  with  all  indeferency  do 
not  only  permit  the  pure,  true  and  sincere  preachers 
of  God's  Word  freely  to  preach,  but  also  yourself, 
to  the  uttermost  of  your  power,  do  promote  and 
further  the  cause  of  Christ,  and  not  only  that,  but 
also  do  animate  and  encourage  other  to  the  same. 
As  now  of  late  ye  have  animated  and  impelled  me 
to  translate  the  confession  of  the  faith  and  the  de- 
fence or  Apology  of  the  same,  which  book,  after  the 
judgment  and  censure  of  all  indifferent,  wise  and 
learned  men,  is  as  fruitful  and  as  clerkly  composed 
as  every  book  was  until  this  day,  which  hath  been 
published  or  set  forth.  But  to  the  end  that  the 
people,  for  whose  sakes  this  book  was  commanded 
to  be  translated,  may  the  more  greedily  devour  the 
same,  I  do  dedicate  and  commend  it  to  your  name, 


6  THE  AUGSBURG   CONFESSION. 

and  if  any  faults  have  escaped  me  in  this  my  trans- 
lation, I  desire  not  only  Your  Lordship,  but  also 
all  that  shall  read  this  book,  to  remember  the  say- 
ing of  the  poet  Horace,  which  in  Arte  Poetica  saith  : 
In  opere  lojigofas  est  ohreper^  soinniim.  That  is  to 
say :  In  a  long  work,  it  is  lawful  for  a  man  to  fall 
sometimes  asleep.  But,  as  touching  Your  Right 
Honorable  Lordship,  I  doubt  nothing  (such  is  your 
inestimable  humanity),  but  that  ye  will  accept  this 
my  little  script,  and  take  it  in  worth.  Whom  I 
beseech  the  High  God  that  he  will  vouchsafe  to 
further  in  all  your  affairs,  to  the  glory  of  God,  and 
the  advancement  of  his  name.     Amen. 


THE  AUGSBURG    CONFESSION 

TIIK     PREFACE 

TO    THE 

EMPEROR  CHARLES  THE  FIFTH.     ■ 


Most  Invicte  ^  Emperor  Caesar  Auguste,  Lord 
Most  Gracious:"  Forasmuch^  as  Your  Imperial 
Majesty  hath  summoned  a  parliament  or  assembly^ 
of  the  Empire,  to  be  holden'^  at  the  city  of'  Aug- 
brough,  to  the  intent  that  there  it  might  be  consulted 
and  deliberated  of  the  aids  and  succours  to  be  had*" 
against  the  Turk,  that  most  bitter,"*  hereditary"  and 
old  '"  enemy  of  the  Christian  name  and  religion  (that 
is"  to  wit)  how  his  furiousness  and  cruel  enforce- 
ments might  be  resisted '"  with  durable  and  perpetual 
ordinance  and  provision  ''  of  war  :  And  then  also'' 
of  the'''  dissensions  in  the  cause  or'"  matter  of  our 
holy  religion  and  Christian  faith,  and  that''  in  this 
cause "^  of  religion  the  opinions  or  minds'''  of  either -'^ 
parties  among  themselves-'  might"  be  heard,  un- 
derstanded^  and  pondered"^  in  presence  of  the  said 

'  C  Invincible.  -  C  Most  Clement  Master.  '  C  Inas- 
much. *C  Delete  "Parliament  or."  For  "Assembly"' 
read  "  Convention."  ^  C  Delete  "  To  be  holden.''  ''  C  De- 
lete "  The  city  of."  "C  For  "To  the  intent — had,"  sub- 
stitute "  In  regard  to  aid."  *  C  The  most  atrocious. 
^  C  The  hereditary.  ^"  C  Ancient.  "  C  In  what  way. 
'- For  "  How — resisted,"  C  Resistance  might  be  made  to 
his  rage  and  assaults.  ''  C  By  protracted  and  perpetual 
[D  permanent]  preparation  for."  "  C  "  Because  moreover." 
'^C  Delete  "the."  ''•  C  Delete  "  Cause  or."  '"  C  In  order 
that.  ''  C  Matter.  '■'  C  And  judgments.  -"  C  Diverse. 
-' C  Delete  "Among  themselves."  -'- C  -May.  D  Might. 
-■'  C    Understood.      -*  C  Weighed. 


8  THE  AUGSBURG   CONFESSION. 

parties,-^  after  a  charitable  fashion'-  with  coldness 
and  soberness '"  on  both  sides,"*  to  be  used  -"  to  the 
end  '^  that  the  ^'  things  which  in  the  Scriptures  ^^ 
have  been  otherwise  than  rightly  ^'^  handled  and^* 
understanded  ^'  by  either  parties  *'  being  set  apart  '^ 
and  corrected,  the  matter**  might ^"  be  ended,*" 
compowned,*'  and  reduced^  to  one  *^  simple  verity" 
and  Christian  concord,  so  that  from  henceforth  *'' 
one*"  sincere*''  and  true  religion  might**  be  of  us  *^ 
maintained  ''^'  and  kept,^^  that '""  like  ^^  as  we  be  ^* 
and  do  war  under  one^^  Christ,  so^"  we  might '''^ 
also  live  in  one^*  Christian  Church  in  unity  and 
concord: 

Forasmuch ^•*  also ''"^  as  we  the  within  subscribed''^ 
Corvestour,  or*"-  Elector  and  Princes  with  "^  other •"* 
to  us  conjoined,''^  as  well  as*'"  the""  other  Electors, 
princes"*  and  estates"^  were  summoned™  to  the  afore- 
said"' parliament  or  assembly,""  because  we  would 
obediently  fulfil  your  Imperial  commandment,  we 

^^  O  In  each  others'  presence.  ^*  C  In  mutual  charity. 
'"  C  Meekness  and  gentleness.  ■^-  C  Delete.  "'^  C  De- 
lete. ^°C  Delete.  ^' C  Those.  =*- C  Writings  on  either 
side.  33  c  For  o.t.  r.,  "Amiss."'  ^*  q  Qr.  ^^  C  Under- 
stood. =*•=  C  Delete  b.  e.  p.  ^"  C  Laid  aside.  •'-  C  These 
things.  «"  C  May.  "  C  Delete.  "  C  Humanized.  «  C 
Brought  back.  *'  C  The  one.  "  C  Truth.  *^  C  Here- 
after. *«  C  The  one.  ^"  C  Unfeigned.  ^'  C  May,  D  Might. 
*''  C  Transpose  and  read  :  "  By  us.''  ^"  C  Embraced.  '■'^  C 
Preserved.  ^^  C  Insert  "so."  ^' C  "As.''  ^*  C  "Are." 
^^  C  For  a.  d.  w.  u.  o.  read  :  "  Subjects  and  soldiers  of  the 
one.  '"^  C  Transfer  "  Also."  ^'  C  May,  D  Might— C  Also 
in  unity  and  concord  we  m.  1.,  D  Might  also  live  in  u.  ^^*  C 
Insert  "the.''  ^^  C  Inasmuch.  "^"  C  Delete.  '^' C  Trans- 
pose to  after  "  Princes  ''  and  read  :  "  whose  names  are  sub- 
scribed.'' ^^  Churfi'irst  anglicized,  C  deletes.  '^■'  C  "  To- 
gether with.''  ^*  C  "  Others.''  ®^  C  Who  are  conjoined 
with  us.  '"'  C  In  common  with.  "'  C  Delete.  "^-  C  And 
Princes.  «"  C  States.  ™  C  Have  been  called.  "^  C  Afore- 
named.    '^  C  For  p.  o.  a.,  "  Diet.'' 


THE  AUGSBURG   CONFESSIOX.  9 

came  with  all  speed  and  maturity  to  the  aforesaid 
city  of  Augusta,"^  and  (which  we  would  no  man 
should  judge  to  be  spoken  for  boasting  of  our- 
selves),"* we  were  there  with  the  first."^ 

Forasmuch,  therefore,  as  Your  Imperial  Majesty, 
about  the  \'ery  beginning  of  this  assembly  and  par- 
liament, did  cause  it  to  be  propounded  and  moved 
to  the  Corvestours,""  princes  and  other  estates"  of 
the  Empire,  that  all "-  the  states  of  the  Empire,  by  "^ 
the  virtue  of  your  proclamation  and  decree,  ought 
to  exhibit  and  offer  up  their  opinion  and  sentence 
in  the  vulgar  and  Latin  tongue.*^'  And*'  after 
deliberation^-  had  the  next  Wednesday ^^  again,^ 
answer  was  made  '^''  to  your  Imperial  ]\Iajesty,  that 
we,  for  our  part,  would,  the  next  Friday,  exhibit^ 
the  articles  of  our  Confession.  Therefore,'*'^  in 
obeying  Your  Majesty's  will  and  pleasure,"^  we  here 
present  unto  you  in  this  cause  of  religion  ■''  the 
confession  of  our  preachers,  and  of  ourselves,  in 
which  it  shall  be  openly  seen  what  manner  of  doc- 
trine and  of^'  the  Holy  Scriptures,  and  the  pure 
Word  of  God,  they  have  hitherto'"   in  our  lands, 

■  ■■  C  We  have,  in  order  to  render  most  humble  obedience 
to  the  Imperial  Mandate,  come  early  to  Augsburg-.  '*C  And 
with  no  desire  to  boast,  would  state  that.  '^  C  Among  the 
very  first  to  be  present.  ■*'  C  When,  therefore,  Your  Impe- 
rial Majesty,  among  other  things,  has  also  at  Augsburg,  at 
the  very  beginning  of  these  sessions,  caused  the  proposition 
to  be  made  to  the.  "  C  States.  '-  C  Each  of.  "''  C  In. 
■^'  C  The  Imperial  Edict,  should  propose  and  offer  in  the 
German  and  in  the  Latin  language  its  opinion  and  decision. 
"' C  Delete.  ~- C  Discussion,  s-' C  On  Wednesday.  "C 
Delete.  ''  C  We  replied.  '"'^  C  That  on  the  following  Fri- 
day we  would  offer  on  our  part.  -•  C  Wherefore.  "C  In 
order  that  we  may  do  homage  to  the  will  of  Your  Imperial 
Majesty.  ""  C  We  now  off"er  in  the  matter  of  religion.  '^  C 
Instead  of  "In  which — out  of."  read:  "The  doctrine  of 
which  derived  from."     '-'^  C   To  this  time. 


10  THE  AUGSBURG   CONFESSION. 

dukedoms,  lordships  ^-  and  cities  taught,'-''^  and  have 
treated ^^  in  our"'  churches  or  congregations.-"' 
That^^  if  also"**  the  other  Electors,  princes  and 
estates  ^^  of  the  Empire,  with  like  writings  in  the 
Latin  and  vulgar  tongue,  according  to  your  motion 
and  propounding,  will  bring  forth  ^'-"  their  opinions 
in  this  cause  ^"^  of  religion,  we  here  offer  ourselves  ^"^ 
ready '"^^  before'"^  Your  Majesty,  as  before  ^'^'^  our 
most  merciful  ^'-''  lord,  with  the  foresaid  princes  and 
our  friends  lovingly  to  commune  and  entreat  of 
tolerable  means  and  ways,  to  the  intent  ^^'''  that  (so 
much  as  honestly  may  be  done  ^'^*),  we  may  agree 
together  ^""  and  the  matter  being  peaceably  debated 
without  odious  contention  between  us,  the  parties  '^" 
(God  willing  ^'^),  the  dissension  may  be  ended  ;  "^ 
and  reduced  ^^^  to  one  true  concordant  ^'^  religion, 
as  we  all  be  "^"  and  do  war  "^  under  one  Christ, 
"^according  to"'^  the  tenor  of  our  proclamation,"^ 
and    that  ^^"  all    things  may  ^^^    be    brought '"  to  a 

»2  C  Delete.  »^  O  Set  forth.  ^^  C  Taught.  "^  C  The. 
^^O  Delete  "Or  congregations."  ^' C  Delete.  "^  C  Delete. 
99  C  States.  1™  C  Should  in  the  [C  Like]  writings,  to 
wit,  in  Latin  and  German,  according  to  the  aforementioned 
Imperial  proposition,  produce.  ^'^^  C  Matter.  ^"'■^  C  Trans- 
pose ''Offer  ourselves"  to  after  "lord.''  ^°^  C  Pre- 
pared. 1"*  C  In  presence  of.  ^»^  C  Delete.  ^°«  C  Clement. 
'•*'  C  In  conjunction  with  the  princes  and  our  friends  already 
designated,  to  compare  views  in  a  kindly  manner  in  regard 
to  mode  and  ways  which  may  be  available,  so.  '"**  C  As 
far  as  may  be  honorably  done.  1°''  C  Delete.  ""  C  And 
the  matter  between  us  of  both  parts  [D  Parties]  being 
peacefully  discussed,  with  no  hateful  contention.  '''  C  By 
God's  help.  "'  C  May  [D  Might]  be  removed.  "^  C  And 
|D  Be]  brought  back.  "*  C  Accordant.  "^  C  Are  all. 
"®  C  Subjects  and  soldiers.  "'  C  Insert  before  "  Accord- 
ing "  :  "So  also  we  ought  to  confess  one  Christ."  ""^  C  In 
accordance  with.  "**  C  The  decree  of  Your  Imperial  Maj- 
esty. ^"■'^  C  Delete.  ^'^^  C  Should,  D  Could,  i"  O  Brought 
back. 


THE  AUGSBURG   COXFESSIOX.  11 

godly  truth, '"^  which  thing  we  desire  of  God  with 
most  fervent  requests.'-^ 

But  if  as  much  as  attaineth  to  '- '  the  other '-''  Cor- 
vestours,'-"  princes  and  estates,  which  be  '-'^  on  the 
other  side.'-"^  this  entreaty  •*'  of  the  matter  '^^  in  such 
sort  as^'"  Your  Majesty  hath '^  wisely  judged  it'to 
be  handled  and  entreated/^^  that  is,'*'  to  wit,  with 
such  mutual  '■"'  presentation  of  writings  and  peace- 
able conferring  together,''*'  shall  not  proceed  and  go 
forward,'*"  nor  be  done  with  '*''  any  fruit  and  profit,'^'^ 
here  we  do  openly  and  solemnly  testify  by  this  our 
writing  left  behind  us,'^'  that  we  refuse  no  manner 
thing  '^-  which  may  by  any  means  help  to  the 
obtaining  and  winning  of  the  ^^*  Christian  concord, 
and  such  as  may  stand  with  God's  law  and  good 
conscience,"^  as  both  '^^  your  Imperial  Majesty,  and 
the  other  Corvestours  and  estates  '^''  of  the  Empire, 
and  finally  '^"  all  which  be  holden  with  '^"^  a  sincere 
love  and  zeal  towards  the  Christian  religion,'*^  which 
shall  hear  this  matter  with  indifference,'""'  shall  by 
this  our  confession  know  and  understand.'^' 


123  C  The  truth  of  God.  ^"  C  Which,  with  most  fer- 
vent prayers,  we  beseech  God  to  grant.  ^'^  C  For  "  If — 
to,"  read  "  Regards."  i-"'  C  Rest  of.  '-"  O  Electors.  ^-^  C 
Delete.  >-«  C  Of  the  other  party.  ''"'  C  Treatment,  i''  C 
Insert:  "Of  Religion.''  i-'- C  "The  manner  in  which." 
"■*  C  Has.  i"  C  Thought  fit  it  should  be  conducted  and 
treated.  '^-^  C  Delete  "  That  is."  i^«  C  A  mutual,  i'"  C 
Cahn  conference  between  us.  '^'  C  Should  not  go  on. 
i™  C  Auended  by.  '*"  C  For  f.  a.  p.,  read  "  result."  ^"  C 
Yet  shall  we  leave  a  clear  testimony.  '*-'  C  That  in  no 
manner  do  we  evade  anything.  '*^  C  Which  can  tend  to 
promote.  '"  C  Anything  which  God  and  a  good  conscience 
allow.  "■■'  C  And  this.  ^*''  C  Electors  and  states  ^*"  C 
Delete.  "'  C  Who  are  moved  by.  "''  C  Love  of  religion 
and  concern  for  it.  ^^"  C  Who  are  willing  to  give  an  equi- 
table hearing  in.  '^^  C  Will  kindly  gather  and  understand 
from  the  confession  of  ourselves  and  of  ours. 


12  THE  AUGSBURG   CONFESSION. 

Forasmuch  also  as  ^^"  your  Imperial  Majesty,  to 
the  corvestours,  princes  and  thother  estates  of  the 
Empire  not  once,  but  oftentimes  hath  lovingly  sig- 
nified/'^  and  in  the  parliament,  holden  at  Spira,^^* 
which  was^^^  in  the  year  of  our  Lord,  1526,  accord- 
ing to  the  form  of  your  Imperial  instruction  and 
commission,  caused  it  to  be  recited  and  openly 
read,^^^  that  Your'^'  Majesty  in  this  business  ^^^  of 
religion  for  certain  causes  ^'^^  there  ^'^"  alleged  ^"^  in 
Your  Majesty's  name,^""  would  not^''^  determine, 
nor  could  not  ^^^  conclude  '*''^  anything,  but  that, 
according  to  the  office  of  Your  Majesty,  you 
would  diligently  labour  the  matter  with  the  bishop 
of  Rome  that  a  General  Council  might  be  gath- 
ered,^^''  as  the  same  thing  '*'''  was  more  largely  de- 
clared ^^®  more  than  ^^'^  a  year  past  ^™  in  the  last 
common  assembly  holden  at  Spires,^'^  where  Your 
Imperial  Majesty,'"-  by  the  Lord^'^  Ferdinand, 
King  of  Bohemia,  and  of'*^^  Hungary,  our  friend 
and  loving  ^'^^  Lord,  and  '"*'  afterward,  by  your  ^'^^ 
orator  and    commissaries,'"^  caused    this,'"^  among 

^^^  C  Since  moreover.  ^^^  C  Has  not  only  once,  but  re- 
peatedly signified  to  the  Electors,  Princes  and  other  States 
of  the  Empire.  ^^*  C  At  the  Diet  of  Spires.  '=^  C  Was 
held.  ^^^  C  Caused  to  be  recited  and  publicly  proclaimed 
in  accordance  with  the  form  of  Your  Imperial  instruction 
and  commission,  given  and  prescribed.  ^^'  C  Insert  "  Im- 
perial." 15»  C  Matter.  '^»  C  Reasons.  «"  C  Delete.  '"  C 
Stated.  1^-  C  In  the  name  of  Your  Majesty.  '*'''  C  Was 
not  willing  to.  ^"  C  Nor  was  able  to.  ^'^^  C  Insert  "  Touch- 
ing." ""  C  But  that  Your  Imperial  Majesty  would  diligently 
endeavor  to  have  the  Roman  Pontiff,  in  accordance  with 
his  office,  to  assemble  a  General  Council.  '"'  C  As  also  the 
same  matter.  ^*'-  C  Amply  set  forth.  ^^'^  C  Delete  m.  t. 
1™  C  Ago.  I'l  C  Public  convention  which  was  held  at 
Spires.  ^"  C  Transfer  to  after  "  Comm.''  i"''  C  Through 
His  Highness,  i"*  C  Delete.  ^''  C  Clement.  i"«  C  Delete. 
^"  C  Through  the.  '""C  The  Imperial  Commissioners.  '"''  C 
Transfer  c.  t.  to  before  t.  b.p. ;  instead  of  "  this,"  read  "these." 


THE  AUGSBURG   COXFESSIOX.  1.3 

other  things,'*'  to  be  proposed  and  declared,'-*  that 
your  Imperial  Majesty  had  understood  and  ex- 
pended '--  the  deliberation  and  counsell  of  your 
Lieutenant'"'  in  the  empire  and  of  President'*'  and 
counsellours  in  your  regiment,'*'  and  of  the  ambas- 
sadors sent  from  the  other  estates,  which  assem- 
bled together  '*"  at  Ratisbon  concerning  a  general 
council  to  be  gathered;'-'  and  also  that'^"  your 
Imperial  Majesty  did  also  judge  it  to  be  profitable 
that  a  council  should  be  gathered;'-^  and  because 
the  matters  which  were  then  treated,'*^  betwixt'-" 
your  Imperial  Majesty  and  the  bishop  of  Rome,'"^ 
drew  nigh  to  a  concord  '*'  and  Christian  reconcile- 
ment,''*^ your  Majesty  '*'  doubted  not ''"''  but  that  the 
bishop  of  Rome  ''^'  might  be  brought  in  mind  to 
have  ''-"^  a  general  council.  Wherefore  your  Impe- 
rial Majesty  signified  unto  us  that  we  would 
labor '^*  that  the  aforesaid  bishop  should  consent 
together  with  your  Majesty,  to  gather  such  a  gen- 
eral council,  and  with  all  expedition  to  send  out 
letters  publishing  the  same.""-     That  if=*'   in  this 

isoQ  Propositions.  ^*^  C  For  proposed  and  declared,  read 
"  made."  '"■-  C  Known  and  pondered.  '*'  C  The  resolu- 
tion to  convene  a  Council,  formed  by  the  Representatives 
of  Your  Imperial  Majesty.  ^^'  C  By  the  Imperial  President. 
'"'^  C  Delete  i.  y.  r.  '-'"''C  By  the  Lec^ates  of  other  states 
convened.  ^'^'  For  C  see  note  183.  '-"  C  And  this.  '^"  C 
Also  judged  that  it  would  be  useful  to  assemble  a  Council. 
1*1  Q  Were  to  be  adjusted  at  this  time.  ""  C  Between. 
1!».-  Q  -phe  Roman  Pontiff.  ^■'■■'  C  Were  approaching  agree- 
ment. '■'*  C  Reconciliation.  '''^  C  Imperial  INIaj.  ""'  C 
Did  not  doubt.  '"'  C  The  Pope.  •'■"  C  Could  be  induced 
to  summon.  ^^'■'  C  That  Your  Imperial  Majesty  would  en- 
deavor to  bring  it  to  pass.  -*'  C  That  the  Chief  Pontiff, 
together  with  Your  Imperial  Majesty,  would  consent  at  the 
earliest  opportunity  to  issue  letters  for  the  convening  of 
such  a  Creneral  Council.  '-'"  C  As  the  event,  therefore,  has 
been  that;  C  ^  C '■  In  the  event,  therefore,  that;  D  For  the 
event,  therefore,  that. 


14  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

cause -"^  of  religion,  the  dissensions  betwixt  the 
parties  be  not  lovingly  and  charitably  pacified  and 
ended -^'^  (which  thing  may  chance),""^  we  here  be- 
fore Your  Imperial  Majesty  with  all  obedience  do 
offer  ourselves  -"^  (which  thing  is  more  than  is  re- 
quired of  us),'^*  to  appear-"'  and  to  make  answer 
ourselves  -"^  in  such  general  free  -"'''  Christian  Coun- 
cil, of  which  to  be  gathered  in  all  the  empire,  all 
assemblies  and  parliaments,  which  have  been 
holden  and  kept  in  the  time  and  years  of  Your 
Imperial  Majesty,  it  hath  been  always  entreated 
and  with  full  assent  and  agreeable  voices  con- 
cluded.^^^  Unto  the  which""  general  council,  and"^^ 
also  unto^^^  your  Imperial  Majesty,  before  this 
time,  in  this  most  high  and  most  grave  cause,  we 
have,  after  due  manner  and  form  of  law,  provoked 
and  appealed.-"  To  which  appelation  -'^  unto  your 
Imperial  Majesty  and  unto  the  said  council,-^''  we 
yet    do  cleave  and  stick  fast,-^"  neither  we    do  ^^^ 

2°2  C  Matter,  ^oa  q  ^he  differences  between  us  and  the 
other  party  have  not  been  settled  in  friendship  and  love ; 
C^  "Should  not  be  settled"  ;  C  Be  not  settled;  D  Shall 
not  have  been  settled.  -'^  C  Delete.  ^°^  C  Present  our- 
selves before  Your  Imperial  Majesty,  in  all  obedience.  -"*'  C 
And  in  more  than  mere  obedience,  ready  ;  C  ^  ^  As  we  have 
done  before  ready  ;  D  Deletes  parenthetical  clause.  ^"^  C 
To  compare  views;  C^"  Restores  "To  appear";  D  To 
confer  with  them.  -"-  C  To  defend  our  cause.  ^"^  C  A 
general,  free  and.  ™  C  For  "  Of  which  to  be — concluded  "  : 
Concerning  the  convening  of  which  there  has  been  con- 
cordant action  and  a  determination  by  agreeing  votes,  on 
the  part  of  the  Elector,  Princes  and  other  States  of  the  Em- 
pire, in  all  the  Imperial  Diets  which  have  been  held  in  the 
reign  of  Your  Imperial  Majesty.  -^^  C  To  this  convention 
of  a.  "'^CAs.  ^i^'CTo.  2"  C  We  have,  in  the  due 
method  [D  Manner]  and  legal  form,  before  made  our  pro- 
testation and  appeal  in  this  greatest  and  gravest  of  matters. 
^^^  C  Appeal.  2^"  C  Both  to  Your  Imperial  Majesty  and  a 
Council.      21'  C  We  still  adhere.      "»  C  Nor  do  we. 


IHE  AUGSBURG   CO  XF ESS  I  OX.  15 

intend  or  can  go  from  it,-'^  by  this  or  by""  any 
other  treatise,"^  unless  the  cause  betwixt  "^  us  and 
the  parties"''  according  to  the  tenor  of  the  last 
imperial  citation"^  be  lovingly  and  charitably  paci- 
fied, ended  and  reduced  to  a  Christian  concord."'' 
Of  which""  we  here  also  solemnly  and  openly "^^^ 
protest. 

-'*  C  Nor  would  it  be  possible  for  us.  --"  C  Delete.  -'  C  Do- 
cument. ---  C  Matter  between.  --'  C  Other  party.  -*  C 
Should,  in  accordance  with  the  tenor  of  the  latest  Imperial 
citation.  --"'  C  Be  compared,  settled  [D  Settled,  adjusted) 
and  brought  to  Christian  concord  in  friendship  and  love. 
-'-''  C  Concerning  which  appeal.  -'-'  C  Make  our  solemn 
and  public. 


16  THE   AUGSBURG   CONFESSION. 

THE 

PRINCIPAL  ARTICLES  OF  THE  FAITH. 


1.  Of  the  Trinity. 

Our^  churches  with  full'  consent'^  do^''  teach 
that  the  decree  of*  Nicene  Council'^  touching''  the 
unity  of  the  Godhead  or"  divine  essence  and  of  the 
three  persons  is  true,  and  ought  to  be  beheved 
without  any  doubting,^  that  is  to  say/  that  there 
is  one  deity  or  ^"  divine  essency/^  which  is  both  ^^ 
called  and  is  indeed  ^'^  God,  everlasting,^*  without 
body,  without  parts,''^  unmeasurable  in  power,  wis- 
dom and  goodness,^"  the  maker '"  and  preserver  of 
all  things,  as  well  visible  as  invisible/*  and  yet  be  ^^" 
three  distinct^''  persons  all  of  one  Godhead  or 
essency,  and  all  of  one  power,^*  and  which "  be  "'* 
co-eternal,  that  is  to  say,  the  Father,  the  Son  and 

'ABC  The.  -ABC  Common.  'ABC  Insert 
"  Among  us."  ^^  D  Deletes  "  Do."  ''ABC  Insert 
"The.''  ^C  "  Synod  [Council]."  ^ABC  Concerning. 
'ABC  Delete  "  The  Godhead  or."  *  A  And  without  all 
doubt  to  be  believed,  B  C  And  without  doubt  to  be  believed. 
»  ABC  To  wit.  I'^ABC  Delete  "Deity  or."  "ABC 
Essence.  '"ABC  Delete  "Both."  '■' A  B  C  Delete. 
"ABC  Eternal.  >^  A  B  C  Indivisible,  C  [Without  part]. 
'^  AB  C  Of  infinite  power,  wisdom,  goodness.  ''ABC 
Creator.  '"ABC  Visible  and  invisible.  '■'  A  B  That 
there  be,  C  That  yet  there  be,  C  '  There  are.  ="  ABC  De- 
lete "Distinct."  -'ABC  For  "All  of  one  Godhead- 
power,"  read  "Of  the  same  essence  and  power."  '- C 
Who.       -^5  ABC  Also  are. 


THE   ACCSBL'k'i;   COXFESS/OX.  17 

the  Holy  Ghost.  And  this  word  (person)  they 
use-*  in  the  same^  signification  that  other  doctors 
of  the  Church  have  in  this  matter-""'  used  it,  so  that 
it  signifieth  -"  not  a  part  or  quaHty  in  another,  but 
that  which  hath  a  proper  being  of  itself-^ 

Heresies. 
They  damn-'  all  heresies  of  them  that  impugn 
this  article*'  as  the  INIanichees  who  did  puf^'  two 
principles  or  beginnings,^-  one  good  and  another 
bad,'"  also^"  the  \'alentians,  the^'  Arians,  the  Euno- 
mians,  the  Mahometists,'^-  and  all  such  other."' 
They  damn*"  also  the  Samosatenes,  both*'  old  and 
new,"''  which  were  as  they*-  contend*'^  that  there  is 
but  one  only**  person,  they  dispute  of  the  Word 
(which  we  call  the  second  person)  and  of  the  Holy 
Ghost,  craftily  and  wickedly  saying*'  that  they  be*" 
not  distinct  persons,  but  that  the  W'ord  (which  we 
as  I  said  do  call  the  second  person)  *'  signifieth  a 

-'A  B  C  And  they  use  the  name  of  person.  -'  A 
B  C  For  "The  same,"  read  "That."  -*' A  B  C  In 
which  the  ecclesiastical  writers  have  used  it  in  this 
cause,  C  Adds  to  writers  ["the  fathers"].  -'ABC 
To  signify.  -""ABC  Properly  subsisteth.  -"-'ABC  Con- 
demn. -'"AB  For  "  Of  them — article,"  read  "  Sprung  up 
against,"  C  "  Which  have  sprung  up  against."  ''  ABC 
Set  down.  ^'-  AB  Two  beginnings,  C  two  principles.  '"'  A 
Good  and  Evil,  B  C  Good  and  evil,  D  One  good  and  one 
evil.  ■■""'ABC  In  the  san-te  manner.  ''ABC  Delete 
article  before  Ar.,  Fun.,  Mah.  '-  B  C  Mahometans,  C 
Mohammedans.  '■'  ABC  Like.  *"  A  B  C  Condemn. 
''ABC   Delete.     *''  D  The  old  and  the  new. 

'-ABC  Who  when  they  earnestly.  *A  B  Defend. 
■"A  B  C  Delete.  'A  B  For  "  They  dispute — saying," 
read  "  Do  craftily  and  wickedly  dally  after  the  manner  of 
rhetoricians  about  the  Word  and  the  Holy  (ihost."  C  sub- 
stitutes "trifle"  for  "dally,"  but  in  other  respects,  follows 
A  B.  D  deletes  "  Do  "  of  A  B  C.  "A  B  C  Are.  '"A  B 
C  Delete   parenthesis. 


i^  THE  AUGSBURG   CONFESSION. 

word  pronounced  with  the  voice,^^  and  the  Ghost 
or«  Spirit  signifieth -^"  a  moving  ^^  which  is  ^-  cre- 
ated in  things. 

2.  Of  Original  Sin. 
Also  they  teach  that  after  the  fall  of  Adam/  all 
men  which  be  issued  and  derived"  according  to 
nature;^  be  ^  born  with  sin  (that  is,  to  wit^),  without 
fear"  of  God,  without  trust  or  assurance"  in  God,^ 
and  with  a^  concupiscence  ^'^  or  lust,"  and  that  this 
disease,  or  sore,^-  or  vice  original,'-^  is  indeed  sin  ^* 
which  damneth  and  bringeth  ^^  even  now  also  ^^ 
everlasting  1^  death  to  them  ^^  which  be  not  born 
new  again  through  ^**  baptism  and  the  Holy  Ghost.^» 

Hej'esies. 

They  damn -^  the  Pelagians  and  other"  which  ^^ 

deny  that  this  vice  original  -'  is  sin,-''  and  (to  the 

utter   defacing  and    abridging-'^   the   glory   of  the 

merits-'  and  benefits  of  Christ,  they  dispute"^  that 

oor45.9^<^  ^°^^^  '^"'■^-  '"ABC  Delete  "Ghost  or." 
^  ?^i^^h^^-       ^  ^  ^  "  Motion."     ^'^A  B  C  Delete. 

AJrJO  Adam's  fall.  -'  A  For  "  which— derived,"  AB 
read  "Begotten."  'ABC  After  the  common  course  of 
nature.  .  ^ABC  Are.  ^ABC  Delete.  «ABC  The 
l^Y'-o  r^  ^    Delete  "or  assurance."      ^^BC   Him 

ABC  Delete.  i"  C  Fleshly  appetite,  D  Evil  desire 
(concupiscence).  '^  A  B  C  Delete  "  or  lust."  ^^  A  B  C 
Delete.  ^;  A  B  Original  blot,  C  Original  fault.  "AB 
Sm  indeed  C  Truly  sin.  '^ABC  Condemning  and 
bringing.    i«  AB  C  Transpose  to  after   '  death,"  A  B  Read 

Even  now,"  C  "  Now  also."  ^^  AB  C  Eternal.  i«  AB  C 
Upon  all.  I''  AB  C  That  are  not  born  again  by  ^o  q 
I^^^'-Avl  ^  ^^P.  S?"^^""""-  "ABC  Others.  ^^  A  That, 
5  U  i     ?•  "^^  Original  blot,  C  Original  fault.      ''  A 

^6  A  TD    A^  ^,^"  indeed.    D  That  this  original  fault  is  sin. 

A-D  And  that  they  may  extenuate,  C  And  who  so  as  to 
u^?""-  ,:'  A^  Merit.     ^^  AB  They  do  reason,  C  Deletes 

iney,    and  reads  "  Argue." 


THE  AUGSBURG   COXFESSION.  19 

man  -'  of  his  own  natural  powers,-''  without  the  Holy 
Ghost,  may  satisfy  the  law,  and  be  pronounced  and 
declared  rightwise  in  the  sight  of  God  for  the 
honest  works  of  reason.-'' 


Also  they  teach  that  the  Word  (that  is  to  say ') 
the  Son  of  God  did  take^  man's  nature  in  the 
womb  of  the  blessed  Virgin  Mary,  so  that  there  be 
two  natures,^  a  divine  nature,  and  an  human  nature* 
in  unity  of  person  inseparably  conjoined  and  knit,^ 
one  Christ/'  truly"  God  and  truly"  man,  ""born  of  the 
Virgin  Mary,  truly  suffering  his  passion,'  crucified,'" 
dead  '"^  and  buried,""'  to  the  intent  to  bring  us  again 
unto  favor  with  the  Father  Almighty,"  and  to  the 
intent  to  be '"  a  sacrifice  and  host,"  not  only  for 
original  sins,'*  but  also  for  all  actual  sins  of  men. 
The  same  Christ  '^  went  down  to  "'  the  '"  hell,  and 
truly  rose '-  again  the  third  day,  and  then  '^*  ascended 
to  -""  the  heavens,-'  that  he  should  ~  there  -^  sit  on  -* 
the    right    hand    of    the    Father,   and   perpetually 

'-*  AB  C  A  man.  '-'ABC  May  by  the  strength  of  his 
own  reason.  -"  For  all  that  follows.'^  ABC  read  "  Be  jus- 
tified before  God." 

'ABC  Delete  "  To  say."  'ABC  Took  unto  Him. 
^  A  B  So  that  the  two  natures,  O  So  that  there  are  two 
natures.  *ABC  The  Divine  and  the  human.  ^AB  In- 
separably joined  together  in  the  unity  of  one  person,  C  In- 
separably joined  together  in  unitv  of  person.  '"'  A  B  Are 
one  Christ.  '  A  B  C  True.  "  AB  C  Insert  "  Who  was." 
"  A  B  Did  truly  suffer,  C  Truly  suffered,  D  Who  truly  suf- 
fered. "'ABC  Was  crucified.  '"^  D  Died.  ""'  D  Was 
buried.  "  AB  That  he  might  reconcile  His  Father  unto 
us,  C  "The  Father;"  in  other  respects  as  A  B.  '- A  B 
And  might  be.  ''ABC  Delete  "Host."  '*  A  B  The 
original  sin,  C  Original  guilt.  ''ABC  Delete.  '•"■  AB  C 
Also  descended  into.  '"ABC  Delete.  '*  AB  Did  truly 
rise.  '»  ABC  Afterward  he.  -"ABC  Into.  -' AB 
Heaven.     -  ABC  Might.     -■•  ABC  Delete.     -"A  B  C  At. 


20  THE  AUGSBURG   CONFESSION. 

reign -■'  and  have  dominion  over  all  creatures,^^ 
and"''  sanctify-^  them  which -^  believe  in  him,  send- 
ing^" the  Holy  Ghost  ^'  into  their  hearts,  who ''- 
governeth,^  comforteth  and  quickeneth  ^*  them  and 
defendeth^^  them  against  the  devil  and  power  of 
sm.  The  same  Christ  shall  openly  return^''  again, 
to  the  intent^'  to  judge  as  well  the  quick  as  the"^- 
dead,  etc.,'^^  according  to  the  Creed  of  the  Apostles."*" 

4.    Of  Justification. 

Also  they  teach  that  men  cannot  be  made  right- 
eous ^  in  the  sight  of ^  God  by  their  own  proper' 
powers,^  merits  or  works,  but  that  they  be  freely 
justified^  for  Christ's  sake  through  faith  when  they 
believe  that  they  be  taken  again ''  into ''  favor,  and 
that  their  sins  be  forgiven^  for  Christ's  sake,^  who 
with  ^"  his  death  hath  satisfied  for  our  sins.  This 
faith  God  reputeth  and  taketh  instead  of  "  righteous- 
ness before  him,^-  as  Paul  teacheth  in  the  third  and 
fourth  chapters  to  the  Romans.'" 

-^  A  B  C  Reign  forever.  -^  A  The  creatures.  ^'  A 
B  C  Delete.  -^  C  Might  sanctify.  -»  A  B  C  Those  that. 
^"  A  B  C  By  sending.  ■1  ABC  Spirit.  ■^-  A  B  Which, 
D  To.  '■■'  A  May  reign,  B  May  rule,  C  Shall  rule,  D  Rule. 
'*  AB  C  Comfort  and  quicken.  «  AB  Defend,  C  Shall 
defend,  D  To  defend.  '*'  ABC  Come,  D  Come  again 
visibly.  »7  ^g  q  delete  "  To  the  intent."  ^«ABC^For 
"  As  well — as  the,"  read  "  The  quick  and."  '^  A  B  C  De- 
lete. ^"  C  As  the  Apostles'  Creed  declareth  these  and 
other  things,  D  According  to  the  Apostles'  Creed. 

^ABC^  Justified.  =ABC  Before.  ^^BC  Delete. 
*  AB  Power.  '"  AB  But  are  justified,  C  But  are  justified 
freely.  •'ABC  Are  received.  '  A  B  Unto.  *  A  B  C 
For  "  That — forgiven,"  "And  their  sins  [D  Are]  forgiven." 
■'  A  B  Through  Christ.  ^'^  A  B  C  By.  "ABC  Doth  God 
impute  for,  D  God  imputes  for.  ^'^  A  B  Himself.  ^^  In- 
stead of  entire  sentence,  A  Rom.  3  and  4,  B  Rom.  3  :  26 
and  4  :  5,  C  Rom.  iii  and  iv. 


THE  AUGSBURG   COXFESSION.  21 

5.  Of  the  Ohtaining  of  Faith. 

To '  the  obtaining  of  this  faith  was  ordained"  the 
ministry  of  teaching  the  Gospel,  and  giving'  the 
sacraments.  For  by  the  Word  and  by  the  *  sacra- 
ments, as  by  instruments  ^  is  given  the  Holy  Ghost  ^ 
who  worketh  faith  where  and  when  it  pleaseth  God 
in  them  which'  hear  the  Gospel  (that  is  to  wit"), 
that  God,  not  for  our  own  merits.-'  but  for  Christ,'" 
justifieth  "  those  which  '-  believe  that  they  '''  be  '^  re- 
ceived into  favour  and  grace,''  for  Christ's  sake. 

Heresies. 

They  damn"'  the  Anabaptists  and  other '^  which 
think'-  that  the  Holy  Gho.st '^  cometh -"  to=^'  men, 
without  any  external  or  outward  work,"  by-^  their 
own  preparations  and  works. 

6.  Of  Good  Works. 

Also  they  teach  that  this  faith  ought  to '  bring 
forth  good  fruits,-  that  men  ought  ^  to  do  good  * 
works  commanded  by^  God,  because  of  God's  will 

'ABC  For.  D  That  we  may  obtain.  -'A  B  C  trans- 
pose verb  to  close  of  sentence,  after  "  sacraments."  C  reads 
"  was  instituted."  '^A  Ministering.  B  Conferring.  C  Ad- 
ministering. ^A  B  C  Delete  "  By  the,"  after  "  and."  ^A 
B  Bv  certain  instruments.  "A  B  The  Holy  Ghost  is  given. 
C  The  Holy  Spirit  is  given.  "ABC  Those  that.  "A  B 
Faith,  I  say.  C  Deletes  "That  is."  'C  Our  merits'  sake. 
D  For  the  sake  of  our  merits.  '"C  Christ's  sake.  "ABC 
Doth  justify.  '-A  B  Such  as.  C  Those  who.  '^C  Trans- 
fers from  end  of  sentence  :  "  For  Christ's  sake."  'ABC 
Are.  'ABC  Delete  "  And  grace."  "ABC  Condemn. 
''A  B  C  Others.  "A  B  Who  are  of  opinion.  C  Who 
imagine.  '''C  Spirit.  -"A  B  C  Is  given.  -'A  B  Unto. 
"A  B  C  Without  the  outward  word.     -'A  B  C  Through. 

>AB  Must.  C  Should.  -C  Inserts  "And."  'A  B  It 
is  behoveful.    *A  B  C  The.     A  B  C  Of. 


22  THE  AUGSBURG   CONFESSION. 

and  pleasure/  but  not  that  we  should  trust  that  by 
the  works  we  deserve  to  be  justified  in  the  sight  of 
God/  For  the^  forgiveness-^  of  sins  and  justifica- 
tion is  purchased  ^"  by  faith,  as  testifieth  also  Christ/^ 
which  saith/^  "  When  ye  have  done  all  things/^ 
yet^*  say,  we  be^''  unprofitable  servants."  ^^ "  The 
same  thing**'  the  old  writers  of  the  Church  do 
teach/"  For  St.'-  Ambrose  saith :  Hoc  constitutuvi 
est  a  dco,  tit  qui  credit  in  Christum  salvits  sit,  sine 
opere,  sola  fide,  gratis  accipiens  reuiissioncm  peccato- 
rum.  That  is  to  say,  "  That  '^  is  ordained  ar\d  in- 
stituted^" of  God  that  who  "^  believeth  in  Christ,  is" 
saved  ;  without  work,-^  only  by  faith  '^  freely  receiv- 
ing forgiveness  "^  of  sins." 

7.  Of  the  Holy  Church. 
Also  they'  teach  that''""  one  holy  Church  shall  con- 
tinually remain.^  The  ^  Church  is  a  congregation  of 
holy  persons,^  in  which  congregation  or  company,^ 
the  Gospel  is  rightly  *'  taught  and  the  sacraments 
rightly  ministered."     And  to  ^  the  true  unity  of  the 

*'A  B  God  requireth  them.  C  It  is  God's  will.  'A  B  And 
not  upon  any  hope  to  merit  justification  by  them.  C  And 
not  on  any  confidence  of  meriting  juslification  before  God  by 
their  works.  «A  B  C  Delete.  »A  B  C  Remission.  ^"A  B  C 
Apprehended.  "  A  B  As  Christ  himself  witnesseth.  C 
As  also  the  voice  of  Christ  witnesseth.  ^-A  B  C  Delete. 
^^A  B  C  All  these  things.  I'A  B  C  Delete.  '^A  B  C  Are. 
1^=*  adds  (Luke  17:  10).  '^  A  B  C  For  "thing,"  read 
"  also,"  D.  ^'A  B  C  Do  [D  deletes  Do]  the  ancient  writers 
of  the  church  teach.  ^^A  B  C  Delete  St.  ^«A  B  C  This. 
^°A  B  C  Delete.  ^^A  B  C  He  that.  -^-A  B  C  Shall  be. 
•^^  C  Works.     "A  B  C  By  faith  alone.     ^^A  B  C  Remission. 

1  D  They  likewise.  '-^  A  B  Insert  "  There  is."  ^  j^  -q 
For  "Shall  cont.  rem.,"  read  "Which  is  to  continue  al- 
ways," C  Reads  "  One  Holy  Church  is  to  continue  forever." 
3  A  B  Now  the,  C  But  the.  *  A  B  C  Saints.  ^  A  B  C 
Delete  "congr.  or  comp.'  ^AB  Purely.  'ABC  Ad- 
ministered.     *ABC  Unto. 


THE  AUGSBURG   COXFESSIOX.  -1^ 

Church,  it  is  enough  to  consent^  of"*  the  doctrine 
of  the  Gospel,  and  ministration"  of  the  sacraments. 
Neither  '-  is  it  requisite  '^  that  in  every  place  be  like 
human  traditions,  rites  or  ceremonies,  ordained  and 
instituted  by  men.^'  As  Paul '''  saith  :  "  One  '"  faith, 
one  baptism,  one  God  and  Father  of  all."  '"* 

8.    Of  the  Ministers  of  the  Church. 

Although  '  the  Church  properly  -  be  ^  a  ^  congre- 
gation of  holy  persons,^  and  of  •"  true  believers,  yet 
nevertheless"  since ^  in  this  life  many  h\'pocrites 
and  evil  persons^  be'"  mixed  among  the  good:" 
it  is  lawful '-  to  use  the  sacraments  which  be  '^ 
ministered  '^  by  ''  evil  men  according  to  the  saying'" 
of  Christ:  "The  scribes  and  Pharisees  sit  in  the 
chair  of  Moses,"''  etc.'"''  And'-  the  sacraments 
and  Word,'^  because  of*'  the  ordinance-'  and  com- 
mandment of  Christ  be  effectual,  notwithstanding 
they  be  ministered  by  evil  persons." 


■'ABC  Sufficient  to  agree.  "'  A  B  Upon,  C  Concern- 
ing. "ABC  Administration.  '-  C  Nor.  '^  A  B  C  Ne- 
cessary. '*  AB  That  human  traditions  and  rites  or  cere- 
monies ordained  by  man  should  be  alike  in  all  places,  C 
That  human  traditions,  rites  or  ceremonies,  instituted  by 
men,  should  be  alike  everywhere.  '^  AB  C  St.  Paul.  ^'A 
B  C  There  is  one  faith.    '"  D  Adds  (Eph,  4:  4,  5). 

'ABC  Though.  -  AB  To  speak  properly.  ''  C  Be 
properly.  *  C  The.  ■' A  B  C  Saints.  «  A  B  C  Delete. 
"ABC  Delete.  'ABC  Seeing  that.  '^  A  B  Men. 
'"  C  Are.  "ABC  -Mingled  with  it.  '-'ABA  lawful 
thing.  "ABC  Delete  "  Which  be."  "  C  Administered. 
'^  A  B  By  the  hands  of.  "' C  \'oice.  '"A  B  Moses' chair  ; 
C  Moses'  seat;  '"^  D  adds  (Matth.  23:  2).  '"  A  B  For. 
'■'ABC  The  word.  -"'  ABC  Are  effectual  by  reason  of. 
■'  ABC  Institution.  '--  AB  Though  they  be  delivered  by 
wicked  and  evij  men ;  C  identical  with  A  B,  e.\cept  that  it 
omits  "  wicked  and.'' 


24  THE  AUGSBURG   CONFESSION. 

Heresies. 

They  damn  ^  the  Donatists  and  such  Hke  which  "^ 
denied  it  to  be  -^  lawful  for  us  -^'  to  use  the  ministry 
of  evil  men  in  the  Church,  and  which'"  thought"^ 
that  the  ministry  of  evil  men  was  unprofitable'* 
and  of  none  effect.^° 

9.    Of  Baptism. 

Of^  baptism  they  teach  that  it  is  necessary  to 
salvation,  and  that  by  baptism  is  offered  the  grace 
of  God,-  and  ^  that  children  are  to  be  baptized, 
which  *  by  baptism,  being  offered ''  to  God,  be  ® 
received  into  the '  favor  and  grace  of  God;- 

Heresies. 

They  damn^  the  Anabaptists  which'"  disallow" 
the  baptism  of  children,'-  and  say  ''^  that  children 
be  '^  saved  without  baptism. 

10.    Of  the  Sacrament  of  the  Altar. 

Of  the  Supper  of  the  Lord,  they  teach  that  the 
body  and  blood  of  Christ  be  verily  present  -  and  be  ^ 
distributed^"    to    the    eaters'*    in^   the    Supper    or 

-'  ABC  Condemn.  =^  A  B  C  Who.  -'^  A  B  Said  it  was 
not.  -"  AB  The  people;  C  deletes  f.  u.  -'ABC  Delete. 
2«AB  Held  opinion  ;  C  Held.  -''AB  Quite  without  fruit; 
C  Useless.     ^"AB  And  effect ;  C  Witholit  effect. 

'  AB  Touching.  -  ABC  The  grace  of  God  is  offered. 
■•  AB  Delete.  '■  A  And  such  as;  B  And  that  such  as;  C 
Who.  5  AB  Be  presented.  "ABC  Are.  'ABHis; 
C  God's.  *ABC  Delete  all  after  "favor."  »ABC 
Condemn.  ^"  AB  That ;  C  Who.  "  AB  C  Allow  not ; 
D  Reject.  ''AB  Of  children's  baptism.  '^  A  B  Hold; 
C  Say.     ^*ABC  Are. 

'  AB  Touching.  "AB  Are  there  present  indeed;  C 
Are  truly  present.  '^  A  B  C  Are ;  ^*  C  Communicated. 
^  A  B  C  Those  that  eat.      ^  A  B  Of. 


THE  AUGSBURG   COXFESSIOX.  25 

Maundy  of  the   Lord/'  and    disprove  them '   that 
teach  otherwise. 

1 1.  Of  Confession. 

Of  Confession-  they  teach  that  private  absolu- 
tion in  churches^  ought  to*  be  retained  and  kept,'' 
although''  in  confession"  the  rehearsal"*  of  the'* 
sins  '"  be  not  necessary.  For  it  is  impossible,  ac- 
cording to  the  Psalmist:"  Delicta  qtiis  intelligit f 
Who  undcrstandeth  his  sins?'- 

12.  Of  Penance  or  Repentance. 

Of  Penance  ^  they  teach  that  they  which  after 
baptism  be  fallen  again  into  sin-  may  be  forgiven^ 
of*  their ^  sins''  what  time  soever"  they  turn"*  and 
repent."'  And  that  the  Church,  to  such  which  turn 
to  repentance"^  ought  to"  give  the  benefit  of- 
absolution.     And  penance  standeth ''*  properly  in'* 

^  A  B  C  For  "  The  Supper — Lord,"  read  "  Lord's  Sup- 
per."   'AB  They  condemn  those;  C  Disapprove  of  those. 

'ABC  Concerning,  -'AB  Insert  after  "Confession," 
"Of  sins."  ABC  Transfer  to  close  of  clause,  before 
"Although."  BC  Read  "  The  churches.^'  'AB  Is  to.  C 
Deletes.  D  restores  ut  supra.  ^  ABC  Delete  "And  kept." 
'■•ABC  Though.  '  A  B  Delete,  C  Transfers  to  after 
"Necessary."  *AB  A  reckoning  up,  C  Enumeration. 
'•ABC  All.  '"  C  Offences.  "  A  B  As  the  Psalmist  saith. 
'*  AB  Who  doth  understand  his  faults,  C  Who  can  under- 
stand his  errors,  D  Adds  (Ps.  19  :   I2j. 

'ABC  Touching  [D  Concerning]  repentance.  ^ABC 
Such  as  have  fallen  after  baptism.  'ABC  Mav  find  re- 
mission. *AB  Delete.  ^  A  B  C  Delete.  "  A  B  Delete. 
"ABC  .A.t  what  time.  'AB  Return  again,  C  Are  con- 
verted. -'ABC  Delete  "  A.  r."  "'ABC  Transfer  "  To 
such — repentance,"  to  close  of  sentence,  after  "  Absolution," 
A  B  Read  "  L'nto  such  as  return  by  [C  to]  repentance." 
"  A  B  Is  bound  to,  C  Should.  '-'  ABC  Delete  "  The 
benefit  of."  ''ABC  Now  [D  But]  repentance  consisteth. 
'*  A  B  C  Of. 
o 


26  THE  AUGSBURG   UONFESSIOX. 

these  two  parts,  that  is  to  say,  in^''  contrition  which 
is  a  fear^^  driven  ^'^  into  the  conscience,  after  that 
sin  is  espied.'^  And  in  ^^  faith  which  is  conceived 
by  the  Gospel,  or  absolution,  and  which  believeth^" 
that,  for  Christ's  sake,  the  "^  sins  be  forgiven,  and 
comforteth  the  conscience,  and  delivereth"  it  from 
errors  and  fears."^  After  that'^  must"^  follow  good 
works  which  be  "**  the  ■"  fruits  of  penance."* 

Heresies. 

They  damn  -^  the  Anabaptists,  which  ^"  deny  that 
they  which  be^^  once  justified  may  ^^  lose  the  Holy 
Ghost.^^  Also  those  which ^*  contend^  that  to^*" 
some  men  so  great  perfection  do  chance^''  in  this 
life,  that  they  cannot  sin.**  They  damn  also  the 
Novatians  ^^  which  *^  would  not  absolve  those  that 
were "  fallen  after  baptism,  and  came  again  ^  to 
repentance.  They  reject  and  disallow  also  those 
which  teach  not  that  *^  remission  of  sins  is  given  ** 

^^  A  B  C  Instead  of  "That  is — in,"  read  "One  is." 
'''ABC  For  "  Which — fear,"  read  "  Or  terrors."  ''  A 
B  C  Stricken.  ^»  A  B  Through  the  sight  of  sin,  C 
Through  the  acknowledgment  of  sin.  '^  A  B  C  The 
other  is.  ^"  A  B  C  And  doth  [D  BeUeves]  beheve.  -'  C 
Deletes.  =^^  A  B  C  Freeth.  "-'■'  ABC  For  "  Errors  and 
fears,"  read  "Terrors."  "ABC  Then.  -^  A  B  There 
must,  C  Should.  ^"  A  B  C  Are.  "ABC  Delete. 
-«ABC  Repentance.  ^^  A  B  C  Condemn.  =*"  A  B  C 
Who.  =*i  ABC  For  "They— be,"  read  "Men."  ^a^BC 
Can.  3^  A  B  C  Spirit  of  Goa,  •'*  A  B  C  For  "  Also  those 
which,"  read  "  And  do,"  D  "  And  likewise  those."  ^*  A  B 
Stiffly  hold.  '^«  A  B  C  Delete.  ='  A  B  C  May  attain  to 
such  a  perfection.  "*ABC  Can  sin  no  more.  ^''ABC 
In  like  case  the  Novatians  are  condemned.  ^^  C  Who. 
"ABC  For  "Those  that  were,"  read  "Such  as  had." 
^'^ABC  For  "And  came  again,"  read  "Though  they  re- 
turned." "  A  B  For  "  They — that,"  read  "  They  also  that 
teach  that,"  C  "  They  also  that  do  not  teach  that."  ^*  A 
BC  Obtained. 


THE  AUCSnURC   COXFESSIOX.  -11 

by  faith/"'  but  that  it  cometh  ^"  by  ^'  our  own  love 
and  works.'*  They  be  also  disallowed  and  re- 
jected which  ^^  teach  that  the  •''^  Canonical  Satisfac- 
tions be""'  necessary  to  redeem  everlasting  pains  or 
pains  of  purgatory."  " 

13.  Of  the  Use  of  the  Sacraments. 
Of  the  use  of  the  Sacraments  they  teach  that 
the  Sacraments,  be  -  ordained  and  instituted  *  not 
onh' '  that  they  should''  be  cognizances/'  badges  or 
marks,"  by  which  Christian  men  are  discerned  and 
known  from  other  people.-  But  rather ''  they  should 
be  signs  and '"  testimonies  of  the  will  of  God  to- 
ward us,"  to  stir  up  and  to  confirm  faith  in  us 
which  '"  use  them  so  propound.'^  Wherefore  '^  we  '' 
must  so  '"  use  the  ''  sacraments,  that  faith  be  added 
and  put''*  unto'-'  them,  to  the  intent""  we-'  may  be- 
lieve" the  promises  which -^  be  exhibited  and 
shewed  "^  by  the  sacraments. 

'*  A  B  Delete.  *'''ABC  Delete  "But  that  it  cometh." 
From  here  on  Taverner  follows  Editio  2.  '"  A  B  For,  C 
Deletes  rest  of  sentence.  '■*  A  B  "  Or  good  works.'"  "  A 
B  And  such  as,  C,  following  Editio  Pri/ueps,  substitutes 
for  entire  sentence,  "  And  who  command  us  to  merit  grace 
by  satisfaction,  are  rejected."  '"' A  B  Delete.  ^' A  B  De- 
lete.    ■'■AB  Everlasting  or  purgatory  pains. 

'ABC  Concerning.  -'ABC  For  t.  s.  b.,  read  "  They 
were.''  'ABC  Delete  "  And  instituted.'"  *AB  So  much. 
*ABC  To.  «ABC  Delete.  "  AB  Marks  and  badges, 
C  Deletes  "  badges  or."  *  For  "  By — people,"  ABC  read 
"Amongst  men";  C,  D  "Among  men.''  ''For  "But 
rather,''  AB  read  "As  that'';  C  inserts  ''That''  after 
"Rather."  "^AB"And."  "  AB  C  Insert  "  Set  forth  " 
after  "  us."  '-ABC  Such  as.  'ABC  Delete,  as  replaced 
by  "Set  forth."  "ABC  Therefore.  ''  AB  .Men,  D  The 
sacraments  must  be  used.  "'ABC  Delete.  ''ABC 
Delete.  '"  AB  As  we  must  join  faith,  C  As  to  join  faith, 
D  So  that  faith  is  joined.  '''ABC  With.  -"ABC  De- 
lete. '-"  ABC  Which.  "  C  Deletes  "  May,"  and  reads 
"  Believes.''  -  ABC"  That."  ""ABC  Are  offered  and 
declared  unto  us. 


28  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

Errors. 

They  damn  therefore-^  those  which -^  teach  that 
sacraments-'^  even  by  their  own  proper  virtue ^^  do 
justify,  and  which  "^  teach  not  ^**  that  faith ^^  is  re- 
quired^- in  the  using  ^^  of  the  sacraments,  which  ^* 
faith ^^  may^*  beheve^''  that  sins  be  forgiven.^^ 

14.  Of  Orders  Ecclesiastic. 

or  the  ^  Ecclesiastical  Order  ^  they  teach  that  no 
man^"  ought  openly''  to'^  teach*'  in  the  church  or 
congregation,"  or  minister'^  the  sacraments,  unless^ 
he  be  duly  and  lawfully '"  thereunto "  called  and 
appointed.'- 

15.  Of  Rites  or  Usages  of  the  Church. 

Of  ^  the  rites  of  the  church  -  they  teach  that  such  ^ 
rites  ought ^  to  be  kept^  which  may  be  kept*'  with- 
out sin/  and  which  ^  be  **  profitable  ^**  to  a  "  tran- 

'^  A  B  C  Wherefore  they  condemn,  ^e  ^  3  c  That. 
^' ABC  The  sacraments;  transfer  "Do  justify"  to  after 
"  Sacraments."  ^*^  A  B  C  For  "  Even — virtue,"  read :  "  By 
the  work  done."  ^"  ABC  Delete.  ^"  A  B  C  Do  not  teach. 
■"  In  ABC  the  concluding  relative  clause  immediately  fol- 
lows its  antecedent.  ■'"ABC  Requisite.  "'ABC  Use. 
'''  A  B  Delete.  ''^  ABC  Delete.  ■■«  A  B  To  ;  C  Deletes. 
■"  C  Believes.     ■'*  ABC  The  remission  of  sins. 

^ABC  Concerning.  =ABC  Delete.  -^ABC  Orders, 
D  The  Ecclesiastical  Office,  '••  D  One.  ^ABC  Should 
publicly.  ^  A  B  C  Delete.  "ABC  Transpose  to  after 
"  Church."  'ABC  Delete.  *  C  Administer.  'A  B  C  Ex- 
cept. '"ABC  For  "  Duly  and  lawfully,"  read  "  Rightly." 
"ABC  Delete.  '^ABC  Delete;  A  adds  to  Art.  "Ac- 
cording as  St.  Paul  giveth  commandment  to  Titus  '  to  or- 
dain elders  in  every  city/"  B  inserts  "also"  after  "St. 
Paul''  and  adds  to  sentence  ''Titus  i  :  5.'' 

'ABC  Concerning.  ^ABC  Ecclesiastical  rites.  ''A 
BC  Those.  *  ABC  Are.  ^' AB  C  Observed.  «  C  Ob- 
served. "AB  Any  sin.  'ABC  Delete.  '•'ABC  Are. 
'»AB  Available.     "ABC  For. 


THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSIOX.  21) 

quility '-  and  a  '*  g^ood  order  in  the  church,  as  ''  cer- 
tain '^  holy  days,''  feastful  days  '"*  and  '^  like,  yet  -^' 
nevertheless  -'  of  such  rites  and  ceremonies,^-  men 
be ^^  admonished  lest "^  their"' consciences  be  cum- 
bered,^ as  though  '^'  such  ceremonies  -^  be  "^  neces- 
sary to  salvation.  They  be  also  ^"  admonished  that 
man's  ^'  traditions  ordained  ^"  to  pacify  '^*  God,  to  de- 
serve^* grace,  and  to  satisfy^  for  sins,  be  contrary^ 
to  the  Gospel  and  doctrine^'  of  faith.  Wherefore 
vows  and  traditions  of  meats  ^"^  and  so  forth,^'-*  or- 
dained "'  to  purchase"  grace,  and  to^  satisfy ^'^  for 
sins,  be  unprofitable  "  and  against  ^'  the  Gospel. 

1 6.  Of  Political  or  Civil  Matters. 
Of^  political  or-  civil  things,^  they  teach  that  law- 
ful ordinances  for  a  public  weal  be  *  the  *  good  works 
of  God,  and  that  it  is  lawful  for  Christian  men  to " 
bear"  office®  and  authorities,'*  to  exercise '"  judg- 
ments, to  judge  things  according  to  "  the  Emperor's  '- 

'-'A  B  (Quietness.  "ABC  Delete.  '''A  B  C  Such  as  are. 
""ABC  Set.  ''C  Holidays,  D  Holydays.  "ABC  Feasts. 
"ABC  And  such.  -"  From  hereon  to  close  of  article  AB 
furnish  no  translation  oi  Invariata.  The  Variata  (1540)  ex- 
pands the  thought  to  such  an  extent  as  not  to  be  available. 
-'  C  Deletes.  --  C  Concerning  such  things.  -'  C  Are  to 
be,  D  Are.  -'  C  That.  -»  C  Deletes  "  Their."  -'•  C  Are 
not  to  be  burdened.  -'  C  If.  -'  C  Service.  -^  C  Were. 
"  C  Are  also  to  be,  D  Also  are.  ■"  C  Human.  •-  C  In- 
stituted. ■■'■  C  Propitiate.  "  C  Merit.  '^  C  Make  satisfac- 
tion. •'  C  Are  opposed.  '  C  The  doctrine.  '"  C  Concern- 
ing foods.  D  Restores  "  Meats."  '''  C  Days  and  such  like. 
^  C  Instituted.  "  C  Merit.  '-'  C  Deletes.  "  C  Make 
satisfaction.     "  C  Are  useless.     *^  C  Contrary  to. 

'ABC  Concerning.  -ABC  Delete  p.  o.  '  C  Things. 
*  A  B  C  For  "  Lawful-be,''  read,  "  Such  civil  ordinances 
as  are  lawful  are.''  'C  Deletes.  "^  A  B  C  That  Christians 
may  lawfully.  "ABC  May  lawfully  bear.  "  C  Civil 
office.  "ABC  Delete.  '"ABC  Sit  in.  "ABC  De- 
termine matters  by.  '-'  A  Prince's  or  country,  B  Prince's 
or  country's,  C  Imperial. 


30  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

laws,  or  ^^  other  present  laws  of  things  '^^  and  rulers/* 
to  execute  due  punishments  by  the  law/^  to  hold 
battle  or  war  by  the  law,^"  to  be  a  soldier/"  to  con- 
tract or  bargain  by  the  law/^  to  hold  a  thing  in 
property/^  to  take  an  oath  when  officers  "^  do  law- 
fully*' require  it,  to  marry  a  wife,  to  take  an  hus- 
band.-^ 

Heresies. 
They  condemn  the  Anabaptists  which  ^  inhibit 
and  "^  forbid  "^  these  ^*'  civil  offices  to  Christian  men. 
They  damn  ^'^  also  those  which  ^  do  not  put  -^  the 
perfection  of  the  Gospel  in^'^  the  dread  ^'  of  God, 
and"-  faith,  but  in  leaving,^'^  forsaking,  or  giving  over 
of  political  and^'*  civil  offices.  For^^  the  Gospel 
teacheth  the  eternal  ^"  righteousness  of  the  heart,  so 
that  it  destroyeth  not  the  political  and  civil  govern- 
ment,^" but  chiefly  requireth^*  the  conservation^^  of 
the  same,*"  as  good  ordinances  of  God,*'  and  to  ex- 

^'''  A  B  Delete,  C  Other  laws  in  present  force.  '•*'  A 
B  Delete,  C  And.  "ABC  Delete.  ^^  A  B  Law- 
fully appoint  punishments,  C  Appoint  just  punishments, 
D  Decree  capital  punishment.  ^*'  A  B  Lawfully  make 
war,  C  Engage  in  just  war.  ''A  Be  soldiers,  B  C  Act 
as  soldiers.  ^*  A  B  Make  bargains  and  contracts,  C 
Make  legal  b.  a.  c.  '^  A  for  "  A-property ''  reads ''Their 
own."  B  C  Property.  '"  ABC  Magistrates.  ^^  A  B  C 
Delete  "  Do  lawfully.''  -  ABC  Or  be  given  in  marriage. 
=^«  C  Who.  "A  B  C  Delete  "  Inhibit  and."  ^^A  B  C  Trans- 
fer "  Christians,"  instead  of  "  Christian  men  "  to  directly 
after  "  Forbid,"     A  B  Add  "  to  meddle  with."  ^'^  A  B 

Delete.  '-"  C  Condemn,  A  B  For  T.  d.  read  simply  "  as." 
'^  A  B  C  That.  '-'«  ABC  For  d.  n.  p.,  read    "  Place." 

■•»  A  B  C  Not  in.  '^i  ABC  Fear.  "  C  And  in.  ^^  A 
B  C  Delete.  ^*  A  B  C  Delete  "  Or— and  "  '■'■'>  C  Inas- 
much as,  ■'■^  A  B  C  An  everlasting.  ''"ABC  In  the 
meantime  it  doth  not  disallow  order  and  governments  of 
commonwealths  or  families.  D  Does  not  abolish  civil 
government  or  the  domestic  estate.  '^*  A  B  C  Requireth 
especially.  -'''ABC  Preservation.  Add:  "  And  main- 
tenance."    *«  A  B  C  Thereof, 


THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION.  31 

ercise  and  practice  charity  in  such  ordinances.''^ 
Therefore  necessarily  Christian  men  ought  to^'^ 
obey  their  governors  **  and  their  ^■''  laws,  save  ^'' when 
they  command  sin ;  ^'  for  then  *-  they  be  rather 
bounden  to  '''  obey  God,  than  man,"'*^  as  it  is  said  in 
the  Fifth  Chapter  of  the  Acts."' 

17.    Of  the  Resurrection. 

Also  they  teach  that '  Christ  shall  appear  in  the 
end  of  the  world  to  judge,  and  shall  raise  up  again  ^ 
all  that  be'^  dead,  and  shall  give  ^  to'  the  godly  and 
elect  people''  everlasting"  life,  and  perpetual"*  joys, 
but  the^  wicked  '"  men  "  and  devils  '-  he  shall  ''^  con- 
demn to  be  tormented  without  end." 

Heresies. 
They   damn'"'    the   Anabaptists   which""'    think'" 
that  the  pain  of  evil  men  and  devils  shall  have  an 
end.'""     They  damn '*  also""  other  which'-'   nowa- 

*'  A  B  C  As  of  God's  own  ordinances.  ^-  A  B  C  That 
in  such  ordinances,  we  should  exercise  love.  A  B  Add  : 
"And  charity."  ''' A  B  Christians,  therefore,  must  in  any- 
wise, C  same  as  A  B,  except  "  necessarily,"  for  "  in  any 
wise."'  '^A  B  C  Ma.eistrates.  '-^A  B  C  Delete.  "A  B  C 
Add  "only  then."  C'  D  Add  "  Onlv ''  without  "Then." 
*"ABC  Anv.  '- C  Deletes.  .So  D.  "ABC  Must  rather. 
^A  B  C  Men.  ■•'  A  Deletes.  B  C  for  "  As  Acts  "  reads 
Acts  \'  :  29. 

'  AB  Transfer  to  after  "that,''  "  In  the  end  of  the  world," 
C  also  transfers,  but  reads  "  Consummation."  '-'ABC  De- 
lete. ''ABC  The.  'AB  Add  "Unto  men,  to  wit." 
'C  Unto.  '^ABC  Delete.  'ABC  Internal.  ^ABC 
Everlasting.  '' C  Deletes.  '"ABC  L'nj^odly.  "AB 
Delete.  '- AB  C  The  devils.  ''■  AB  Shall  be.  "ABC 
I'nto  endless  torments.  ''ABC  Condemn.  "''AB  That, 
C  Who.  '■  AB  Are  of  opinion.  '"  AB  That  the  damned 
men  and  the  devils  shall  have  an  end  of  their  t9rments, 
C  To  condemned  men  and  the  devils  shall  be  an  end  of 
torments.  '"  AB  C  Condemn.  -"  AB  C  Transpose '"Also'' 
and  "Other,"  and  read  "Others.''      -'  C  Who. 


32  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

days"  sow'^  abroad"*  Judaical"^  opinions,  that 
before  the  resurrection  of  the  dead"''  the  wicked 
shall  be  oppressed  in  every  place,  and  the  good 
men  shall  occupy  and  possess  the  kingdom  of  the 
world. 

1 8.    Of  Free  Will. 

Of  ^  Free  Will  they  teach  that  man's  will  hath 
some  liberty  to  work  civil "  and  outward^  righteous- 
ness, and  to  choose  out*  things  subject  to  reason,'' 
but"  it  hath  not  might'  without  the  Holy  Ghost '^ 
to  do  ^  the  righteousness  of  God,  spiritual  righte- 
ousness.^" For  a  man  left  to  the  power  of  his  own 
soul  (whom  Paul  calleth  animalcin  liominem)  per- 
ceiveth  not  the  things  that  be  of  the  Spirit  of  God,^^ 
but  this  righteousness  ^"  is  framed  and  made^'^  in  the 
heart,  when  '*  the  Holy  Ghost  is  conceived  by  the 
Word.^'  This  saith  Augustine  with  like  words  '*"  in 
his  third  book  oi  Hypognosticon!'^"'     "We  grant  "^^ 

■"  B  Deletes,  C  Now.  -'^A  Do  spread,  B  Spread,  C  Scatter. 
2*  C  Deletes.  =^AB  C  Jewish.  '« In  what  follows,  AB  "  The 
godly  shall  get  the  sovereignty  in  the  world,  and  the  wicked 
be  brought  under  in  every  place;  "  C  The  godly  shall  oc- 
cupy the  kingdom  of  the  world,  the  wicked  being  every- 
where suppressed. 

^  A  B  As  touching,  C  Concerning.  -  A  B  C  A  civil. 
•■*  AB  C  Delete  a.  o.  *  AB  C  Such,  D  Between.  ^ABC 
As  reason  can  reach  unto,  D  That  are  subject  to  human 
reason.  •'A  B  C  Add  "  That."  'ABC  No  power.  'ABC 
Transfer  to  after  "  Spiritual  righteousness,"  and  read 
"  Without  the  Spirit  of  God."  «ABC  Work  '"  A  B 
Justice.  "  A  B  For  all  sentence  so  far,  read  "  Because 
that  the  natural  man  perceiveth  [C  Receiveth]  not  the 
things  that  are  [C  The  things]  of  the  Spirit  of  God,"  BC 
Add  I  Cor.  2:14.  '-  A  B  Power,  C  Deletes.  ''^  A  B  C 
Framed  and  made.  ^*  A  When  as.  '^  A  B  C  Men  do 
[D  Deletes  Do]  receive  the  Spirit  of  God  through  the 
word.  ^^  AB  C  These  things  are  in  as  many  words  affirmed 
by  St.  Augustine.  ''ABC  Hypognosticon,  lib.  III.,  D 
Hypognostica  (8),  lib.  III.      '^  A  B  C  Confers. 


THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESS/OX.  33 

(saith  St.  Austin  ''-^)  "  that  every  man  '■"  having  rea- 
sonable judgment-'  hath"  free  will,  not  that  he  is 
able^  in  things  pertaining  to  God,-' without  God 
either  to  begin  or  at  the  least  way  to  make  an  end,'' 
but  only  in  the'^^  works  oi^  this  present  life,  as 
well  "'^  good  as  evil.  In  ■"'  good  works  (I  say  *') 
which ^'  do^-'  issue  forth"  of  the  goodness  of 
nature,  as  to  wilP^  to  labor  in  the  field,  to  will  to 
eat  and  drink,^^  to  will "'  to  have  a  friend,  to  will  to 
have  clothing,^'  to  will  to  make^''  a  house,  to  will'*' 
to  marry  a  wife,  to  nourish  beasts,"^  to  learn  a  craft  ^' 
of  diverse^-  good  things,  to  wilT whatsoever ^^  good 
thing  appertaineth  "  to  this  present  life,  of  the  which 
things  none  hath  being  ^^  without  the  governance  of 
God,*"  yea  of  Him,  and  by  Him.  they  began  to  be;*^ 
eviP"^  works*''  (I  say"'"),  as^'  to  will '-  to  honor  to'^'^ 
an  image,  or  idol,'^*  to  do'"  manslaughter,  etc. 


'"A  B  C  Delete.  '"  See  Note  22.  -'ABC  For  "  Having— 
judgment,"  read  "Which  hath  indeed  the  judgment  of  rea- 
son." and  transfer  to  after  ''  Free  will."  --'A  B  C  "  There  is 
in  all  men  a,"  etc.  -'A  B  C  It  is  thereby  fitted.  -'A  B  C 
Transfer  to  immediately  before  "  But  only,"  and  read  "  In 
matters."  '■''  ABC  For  "  At  least— end,"  read  "  Perform," 
D  At  anv  rate  perform.  -"'ABC  Delete.  -'ABC  Be- 
longing to.  -'ABC  Whether  they  be.  -"  B  C  Bv.  ■"  A 
Affirm,  BC  Mean.  •'  A  Those  to  be  which,  BC  Those 
which.  -■  ABC  Delete.  '  ■  A  .Arise,  B  Arise  out,  C 
Are.  'AB  Be  willing.  'ABC  To  desire  meat  or 
drink.  "ABC  Desire.  'ABC  Desire  apparel.  ■■"  A 
B  C  Desire  to  build.  "'  ABC  Delete  "To  will."  "'  A 
B  C  Caule,  D  Keep  cattle.  "ABC  Art.  '^  A 
BC  Divers.  "  AB  C  Desire  any.  "  AB  C  Pertaining. 
*^ABC  For  "Of — being,"  read:  "All  which  are  not." 
*"*  ABC  God's  government.  '"  A  Yea,  they  now  are  and 
had  their  beginning  from  God  ;  B  C  Yea,  they  are  and  had 
their  beginning  from  Cod  and  by  God.  '"  AB  In  evil,  C 
Among  e.  '■' AB  C  Things.  ^"  AB  C  Account.  ''ABC 
-Such  as  these.  ''''  AB  Desire.  ^'  ABC  Worship.  ^'  ABC 
Delete  o.  i.     ^'  A  B  Desire,  C  Will. 


34  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION, 

Heresies. 
They  damn  ^*'  the  Pelagians  and  other  which  ^^ 
teach  that  without  the  Holy  Ghost,^  only^"*'"  by  the 
strength  ^^''  of  nature,'^'"'  we  may^'"^  love  God  above  all 
things,"'^''  and  do  ^^  the  precepts  *'  of  God,  as  touch- 
ing the  substance  of  the  acts "  (as  they  call  it)." 
For  though  '''^  nature  can  somewhat  "*  do  outward  ^^ 
works  (for  nature  may  keep  her  hand  •"*  from  killing 
men),'''  yet  she'''^  cannot  work  the  inward  motions, 
as  "^  the  dread ""  of  God,  the  "^  trust  in  God,  chastity, 
patience,  etc.'" 

19.  Of  the  Cause  of  Sin. 
Of  the  cause  of  sin  they  teach  that  although" 
God  doth  create  and  conserve^  nature,^  yet  the 
cause  of  sin  is  the  will  of  them  that  be  evil,'^  that 
is  to  say,^  of  the  devil,  and  of'  the^  wicked-*  men, 
which  will  (when  God  helpeth  not)'"  turneth  itself 
from  God,  as  Christ  saith  in  the  Eighth  Chapter 
of  John:"  "When  he  speaketh  a  lie,  he  speaketh 
of  himself"  '- 

"'^  AB  C  Condemn.  "  ^  g  c  Others  who.  *^  A B  C 
Transpose  clauses  "  W — Ghost"  and  ''  Only — Nature."  and 
read '-Without  the  Spirit  of  God.''  ^"^' B  C  Delete.  ''"''AB 
Power,  C  Powers.  ^^''  A  B  Nature  only,  C  Nature  alone. 
^"' A  B  C  Are  able.  ^"AB  Delete  Things.  ■^'ABCAlso 
to  perform.  '''ABC  Commandments.  '^'ABC  Our  actions, 
D  The  actions.  «-ABC  Delete.  «'ABC  Although.  A 
Although  that.  «^  AB  C  Be  able  in  some  sort  to.  '"AB 
C  The  external.  ''■«  ABC  It  is  able  to  withhold  the  hands. 
'■'ABC  Theft  and  murder.  ""ABC  It.  «■' C  Such  as. 
""ABC  Fear.  "^  A  B  C  Delete.  "  A  B  Delete,  C  And 
such  like. 

'ABC  Touching,  D  Concerning.  -  A  B  Albeit.  'ABC 
Preserve.  *  AB  Our  nature.  ^  ABC  For  "Them — evil," 
reaid:  "The  wicked.  ''ABC  To  wit.  'BC  Delete. 
*  A  B  C  Delete.  ^  A  B  C  Ungodly.  "'  A  B  Being  desti- 
tute of  God's  help,  C  God  not  aidmg.  "ABC  Transfer 
designation  of  passage  to  close  and  read  John  8  [B  C  "  44  "] . 
'-ABC  His  own. 


THE  AUGSBURG  COXFESSIOX.  35 

20.  Of  Good  Works. 

Our'  teachers-  be''  falsely  accused  that  they 
prohibit  and  forbid'  good  works.  For  their  wri- 
tings which  go  abroad  of'  the  Ten  Command- 
ments, and  other''  of  like"  matter,'^  do^  witness 
that  they  have  taught  profitably '"  of  all  kinds  of 
living"  and  offices/-'  as  *^  what  kinds"  of  living'^ 
and  what  works  do  please  God  in  every  calling."^ 
Of  which  things  preachers  heretofore  spake  but'^ 
little,"''  only  they  magnified'''  and  did  set  forth ^ 
childish"'  and  unnecessary"  works;  as  certain^ 
lioly  days,-'  certain  fastings,"'  fraternities,  guilds 
or  brotherhoods,-"  pilgrimages,  worshippings*'^  of 
saints,  rosaries,""*  entering  into  religion,-'  and  such 
other  like.^  Our^^  adversaries,  though  our  moni- 
tion,"" do^  now  unlearn^  and  leave  this  gere,^  so 
that  they  preach  not^  these  unprofitable  works  so 

'  C  Ours.  -  A  B  Divines.  C  Deletes.  'ABC  Are. 
'  For  "  That— forbid,"  A  "  To  forbid,"  B  C  "  Of  forbid- 
ding." ^  A  B  C  Extant  upon.  "ABC  Others.  '  A  B 
C  The  like.  -ABC  Argument.  'ABC  Do  bear.  D 
Deletes  "  Do."  '"ABC  To  good  purpose  taught.  "  A 
B  C  Everv  kind  of  life,  A  Duties,  B  C  Its  duties.  ''•  A 
BC  Delete.  "  A  B  Trades.  '"^  ABC  Life.  "'ABC 
Transpose  ''  Do  please  God,"  to  after  "  calling,"  D  Deletes 
"Do."'  '"  A  B  C  In  former  times  taught.  '"  A  B  C  Add, 
"  or  nothing."  '"  A  B  Did  urge,  C  Urged.  "'  ABC 
Delete  a.  d.  s.  f.  -'  Certain  childish.  -'  ABC  Needless. 
''ABC  Keeping  of,  D    "  Fixed."  -'  C  Holidays,  D 

Holy  days.  '^  A  B  C  Set  fasts.  -"  ABC  Delete  g.  o.  b. 
-'A  B  C  Worshipping.  -"A  Friaries.  C  The  use  of  rosaries. 
''"  Monkeries,  B  C  Monkery.  ■"  A  B  Such  trash.  C  Such 
like  things.  "A  B  C  Whereof  our.  ■-A  B  C  Having  had 
warning.  ■■  ABC  They  do,  D  They.  '  A  B  Forget. 
■^  A  B  C  Substitute  for  whole  clause  "  them."  '•'"'  A  B  And 
do  not  preach  so  concerning,  C  And  do  not  preach  con- 
cerning. '■  A  B  As  they  were  wont  to  do,  C  As  they  were 
wont. 


36  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

much  as  they  did  before.^^  Furthermore^  they 
began  ^^  to  make  mention  of  faith,  of  the  which 
now  this  great  while  hath  been  marvelous  silence,*' 
though  ^^  they  cease  not  to  obscure  and  darken 
the^'  doctrine  of  faith,  in  that^^  they  leave  men's 
consciences*^  in  a'*'  doubt,  bidding  them*"  pur- 
chase remission  of  sins  with*'  works.  But  they*^ 
teach  not,  that  through  Christ,  by  only  faith,  we 
may  be  sure  to  have  remission  of  sin.*^  Foras- 
much, therefore,  as'^"  the  doctrine  of  faith  (which 
ought  to  be^^  the  chiefest  and  principal^'  in  the 
Church)  hath  lain^^  so  long  unknown,  as  we  must 
all  needs  confess^*  that  of  the  righteousness  of 
faith,  most  deep  and  profound  silence  hath  been   in 


^8  A  B  C  Besides.  ■«  ABC  Begin  now.  «  A  B 
Which  they  were  wont  to  pass  over  [A  With.  B  In.]  sil- 
ence, C  Concerning  which  there  was  formerly  a  deep  sil- 
ence. "  A  B  But  yet,  C  From  this  point,  until  close  of 
next  sentence  ending  "  remission  of  sins,"  entirely  diverges. 
(See  below.  Note  49.)  '-  A  B  This.  ^'  A  B  While.  "  A 
B  The  conscience.  '^  A  B  Delete.  *''  A  B  And  would 
have  men  to  merit.  "AB  By  their.  ^-AB  And.  ^"AB 
"  That  we  do  by  faith  alone  undoubtedly  receive  remission 
of  sins,  for  Christ's  sake.''  After  "silence"  (N.  40.)  until 
here.  Taverner  and  A  B  follow  the  Latin  Ed.  2  (8vo.  1531), 
which  reads  :  Etsi  noji  desiiiant  obscurare  docb-inani  fidei, 
cum  relinqjiu7it  dubias  conscientias,  et  jiibent  i)iei-en  reniis- 
sionem  peccatoruin  operibiis.  Nee  docent  quod  sola  fide  prop- 
ter Christum  certo  accipiamus  rcmissio}iem  peccatorum.  C 
correcting  by  Ed.  Princ.  "  They  teach  that  we  are  not  jus- 
tified by  works  alone,  but  they  conjoin,  [D  Join,]  faith 
and  works,  and  say,  we  are  justified  by  faith  and  works. 
Which  doctrine  is  [D  Indeed]  more  tolerable  than  the 
former  one,  and  can  afford  more  consolation  than  their  old 
doctrine."  ^°  A  B  When  as,  therefore.         C  Whereas, 

therefore.  ^^  A  B  C  Which  should  be  especially  above 
others.  ^^  A  B  Taught,  C  The  chief  one.  ^' ABC  Been. 
^*  A  B  C  As  all  men  must  needs  grant. 


THE  ArCSBCRG  COXFESSIOX.  37 

preachings."^'' (and  that'"*  alonely'"*'  the  doctrine  of 
works  hath  been  exercised  and  conversant  in  '^ 
churches),  therefore  (I  say)'''*  our  teachers'"'  have 
warned  and  monished""  the  churches  of  faith,  in 
this  wise  as  foUoweth/''  first  that  our  works  cannot 
reconcile  God  unto  us,  or  deserve  remission  of 
sins  and''-  g-race,  and  justification,''*  but  this'''  we 
get '"^  only'"'"'  by  faith"'  beheving  that  only '''"^  for 
Christ's  sake,'''-*  we  be  received  into  favor,  who 
only'"  is  set  forth,  and  purposed  unto  us  a"- 
mediator  and  a  mercy  stocke"^  by  whom  the 
Father  is  reconciled,'^  and  his  favor  gotten  again.'* 
Therefore  he"''  that  trusteth  to  deserve  favor,  or 
grace,  with  works,"  despiseth'"^  the  merit  and  grace 

'"^A  B  That  there  was  not  a  word  of  the  righteousness  of 
faith  in  all  their  sermons.  C  That  there  was  the  deepest 
silence  about  the  righteousness  of  faith  in  their  sermons. 
^^"  While.  -"'A  B  Transfer  to  after  "works"  and  read 
"only."  C  Deletes.  D  Restores  and  harmonizes  with  A  B. 

^"  ABC  For  "  Hath— in,"  read  "Was  usual  in  the,"  D 
"  Was  taught  in  the.  '  ^-  A  B  C  For  this  cause.  '^  ABC 
Divines.  "'ABC  Did  thus  admonish.  ''  ABC  Delete 
"  Of  faith— followeth."  «^  A  B  C  Delete.  *-  ABC  Add 
"At  his  hands,"  D  Deletes,  reverting  to  Taverner.  '"'' C 
That  these.  '"  A  B  Must  obtain,  C  Obtain.  "'"'  A  B  De- 
lete, C  Transfers  to  after  "Faith."  '' AB  While  we  be- 
lieve, C  When  we  believe.  ''-ABC  Delete.  '•''  ABC 
Transpose  f.  c.  s.  to  after  "  Favour."  '"ABC  Alone. 
"-'ABC  For  "Set— a,"  "  appointed  the."  "AB  Inter- 
cessor, C  Propitiatory,  ABC  Delete  "  A."  On  "Mercy 
stocke,"  Wescott  {History  of  English  Bible,  p.  217).  "  Tyn- 
dale,  followed  by  Coverdale,  the  Great  Bible,  etc.,  strives 
after  an  adequate  rendering  of  'r/aaudr  (i  John  2  :  2)  in  the 
awkward  periphrasis,  '  He  it  is  that  obtaineth  grace  for  our 
sins  ; '  Taverner  boldly  coins  a  word  which,  if  insufficient  is 
vet  worthy  of  notice  :  '  He  is  a  inercvstock  for  our  sins.'  '' 
'ABC  Add  "  To  us."  ■'  ABC  Delete  all  after  "  Recon- 
ciled." "'A  B  C  Transpose  "  He  "  and  "Therefore."  "A 
B  C  For  "  To — works,"  read  "  By  his  work  to  merit  grace." 
"A  B  C  Doth  despise. 


38  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

of  Christ,  and  seeketh  a  way  and  coming  to  God 
with  man's  power,  without  Christ,  "^^  where  as 
Christ  said^''  of  himself:  "  I  am  the  way,  the  truth 
and  the  hfe."  ^^  This  doctrine  of  faith  is  every- 
where treated  in  Paui,^^  as  to  the  Ephesians  2:^* 
"  By  grace  are  ye  made  safe  ^^  through  faith,  and 
that  not  of  yourself; ^^  it  is  the  gift  of  God,  not  of 
works,"  etc.^*^  But  here  lest  peradventure  a  man 
would  make  cavillations,^'  and  craftily  say  for  him- 
self against  us,^^  that  we  have  devised  and  found 
out  this  new  interpretation  of  Paul,*^  I  say  that  all 
this  cause  or  matter  hath,  for  the  maintenance  of 
it,  the  authority  and  witness  of  old  and  ancient 
Fathers.'^"  For  St."^  Augustine  in  many  volumes 
defendeth^^  grace  and  righteousness^^  of  faith, 
against  merits  ^^  of  works.  And  St.  Ambrose  doth 
teach  like  things^'  in  the'"'  book  entitled^'  "Of  the 
Calling  of  the  Gentiles,^*  and  other.^^  For  in  the 
book,  "  Of  the  Calling  of  the  Gentiles,"  he  saith  in 

""ABC  For  all  after  "Seeketh"  read  "By  his  own 
power,  without  Christ,  to  come  unto  the  Father,"  D 
"  Without  Christ,  by  human  powers."  '"  A  Hath  said 
and  expressed,  B  C  Hath  said  expressly.  ®^  B  C 
John  14  :  6.  *-  A  B  "  Handled  by  Paul  almost  in  every 
epistle,"  C  "Everywhere,"  in  other  respects  as  A  B,  D 
Deletes  "  Almost."  "'  B  C  Delete,  A  Eph.  2.  «*  A  B  Ye 
are  saved  freely,  C  By  grace  are  ye  saved.  -"'  ABC  Your- 
selves. "«  B  C  Add  Eph.  2  :  8,  9.  '^"  AB  C  And  lest  any 
here  should  cavil.  '^- ABC  Delete  "And  — us."  *"  A  B 
C  We  bring  in  a  new-found  [D  Novel]  interpretation. 
'*•  A  B  For  from  "I  say,"  on,  read  "  This  whole  cause  is 
underpropped  with  testimonies  of  the  Fathers,"  C  harmon- 
izes with  A  B,  except  "Sustained"  for  "  Underpropped."  "'A 
B  C  Delete  "  For  St.,"  D  Restores  it.  ■'-  ABC  Doth  in 
many  volumes  defend.  ^'ABC  The  righteousness.  ®*  A 
B  C  The  merit.  »^  ABC  The  like  doth  [D  St.]  Ambrose 
teach.  -'«ABCHis.  ^''A B  C  Delete.  ''^Kl^G  De  Voca- 
tione  Gentium,     ''^A  B  C  Elsewhere. 


THE  A  L  'GSB  i  'RG  CONFESSION.  3!) 

this  wise:""^  "The  redemption  of""  the  blood  of 
Christ  were  but  vile/"-  and  little  worth,""  neither"" 
the  prerogative  of  man's  works  should "''  give  place 
to  the  mercy  of  God,  if  righteousness ""'  which  is 
made  "'"  by  grace  were  due  to  the  "'^  merits  going 
before,  so  that"'"  it  should  not  be  the  gift'"'  of  the 
giver,  but  the  reward'"  of  the  worker."-  But  now, 
although  this  doctrine  is  contemned,  and  little  set 
by  of  them  that  be  ignorant  and  lack  knowledge,'" 
)'et  good  "^  and  fearful'"''  consciences""^  do  know"" 
by  experience  how  comfortable  it  is;"'  for"'*  con- 
sciences"^ cannot  be  made  quiet'-"  and  at  rest'-'  b}' 
any  works,  but  alonely  by  faith,'"  and  that  is  when 
they  be  assured  and  decree  for  a  certainty  '-*  that 
through  Christ  God  is  appeased,'"*  like'"'  as  Paul'-" 
teacheth,  Rom.  ^}'^  saying:'^  "When  we  be  made 
righteous  by  faith,  we  be  at'-^  peace  with  God." 
All  this  doctrine  is  to  be  referred  "^^  to  the  conflict 
or  battle  '^'  of  a  troubled  conscience,  and,  without 

""^ABC  For  thus  he  saith,  AB  In  the  forenamed  place, 
C  Of  the  calHng  of  the  (Gentiles.  ""ABC  Made  by.  '"-AB 
C  Would  be  of  small  account.  '"A  B  C  Delete  a.  1.  w.  '"A 
B  C  And.  '"ABC  Would  not.  ""ABC  The  justification. 
'"■ABC  Delete.  '"~  ABC  Delete.  '"'ABC  As,  D  That. 
""ABC  Liberality.  '"ABC  Wages  or  hire,  D  deletes  o.  h. 
"'-ABC  Laborer.  "'  Instead  of  "But  —  knowledge," 
ABC  "This  doctrine,  though  it  be  contemned  of  the 
unskilful,"  A  adds  "  Sort."  '"  AB  The  godly,  C  Godly. 
'"■'  Alarmed.  "'AB  Consciences.  '"'AB  Doth  find,  C 
Find.  ""ABC  That  it  bringeth  very  great  comfort. 
"'ABC  Because  that.  "''A  The  consciences,  B  .Men's 
consciences.  ''^"ABC  (Quieted.  '-'ABC  Delete  a.  a.  r. 
'-'-'ABC  Faith  alone.  "-'Instead  of  "And — certainty," 
AB  ''When  as  they  believe  assuredly;"  so  C,  omitting 
"As.''  '-'  AB  God  is  appeased  towards  them  for  Christ's 
sake,  C  They  have  a  God  who  is  propitiated  for  Christ's 
sake.  '->ABC  Delete.  '^"  C  St.  Paul.  '="  B  C  V.  i. 
'■''ABC  Delete.  '-''ABC  Beiqg  justified  by  faith,  we 
have.  '"ABC  This  doctrine  doth  wholly  belong,  D 
Must  be  wholly  referred. 


40  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

this  conflict/^^  it  '^^  cannot  be  well  ^^^  understood. 
Wherefore  men,  without  knowledge,  and  which  be 
unlearned  in  the  Scriptures,^^^  do  judge  amiss  of 
this  matter/'^''  which  ^^"  dream  that  Christian  right- 
eousness is  nothing  ^'^^  else  but  civiP^^  and  philo- 
sophical righteousness."*^  In  times  passed,"^  con- 
sciences "^  were  vexed  with  the  doctrine  of  works ; 
but  they  heard  not  the  "^  comfort  out  of  the  Gos- 
pel. Some,  their  consciences  "^  draw  out  "^  into 
wilderness,"®  into  Monasteries,  and  places  of  reli- 
gion,"" trusting  that  "'^  there  they  should  "^  merit 
and  get  ^^"  grace,^^'  with  solitary  and  ^^^  monastical 
life.  And  diverse  men '*^  found  out'^*  diverse  ^^^ 
works,  to  win^^*^  grace ^^'^  and  to  make  satisfaction^^* 
for  their  ^'^  sins.'*^'^  Wherefore  it  was  greatly  need- 
ful ^'''  to  teach  and  to  ^"  renew  this  doctrine  of  faith 


i^^A  B  C  Delete  "  Or  battle."  '«A  B  C  Transfer  "  With- 
out— conflict"  to  after  "Understood";  ABC  read:  "But 
where  the  conscience  hath  felt";  AB  A  conflict ;  C  This 
conflict;  D  "  Of  a  terrified  conscience.''  '''ABC  Delete. 
"^C  Deletes.  ''ABC  All  such  as  have  had  no  experi- 
ence thereof,  and  all  that  are  profane  men,  D  Worldly- 
minded.  '""AB  C  Transfer  "  Do  —matter  "  to  close  of  sen- 
tence, AB  "Are  evil  judges,"  C  "Are  poor  judges."  '■'■'  C 
Who.  ''^ABC  Naught.  '"^A B  C  A  civil.  '^'AB  Right- 
eousness. '*' AB  In  former  ages,  C  Formerly.  '^'-ABC 
Men's  consciences.  '*' AB  Never  heard  any,  C  Did  not 
hear  any.  '^^ABC  Whereupon  consciences.  "'A  Drave 
some,  BC  Drove  some,  D  Were  driven  by  conscience. 
'^"AB  Delete  "In — wilder.,"  C  reads  "Into  the  desert." 
'^"ABC  '^'ABC  Hoping.  '^9  ABC  For  "They 
should."  read  "To."  '^"ABC  Delete.  '^'AB  Favor. 
'^- ABC  Delete  "  With— and,"  and  read  "By  a."  '"'-'A 
BC  For  "And — men,"  read  "Others."  ''*  C  Devised. 
'•^^  ABC  Other.  '^«  A  B  C  Whereby  to  merit.  ' '"  A  B 
Favor.  '^«  A  B  C  Satisfy.  '^»  A  B  C  Delete.  '«"ABC 
Sin.  '«'ABC  There  was  very  great  need,  therefore. 
'"-  C  Deletes,  A  B  Transpose  "  To  teach  this  doctrine  of 
faith  in  Christ,  and,  after  so  long  time,  to  renew  it." 


THE  A  UGSB  L  -RG  d  )\FESSIO\.  41 

in  Christ,  lest'*^  fearful""'^'"  consciences  should  lack'" 
comfort,  and  that  they  might  learn  "'■'  that  grace, 
remission'*"'  of  sins  and  justification  may  be  attained 
through  "^  faith  in  Christ.  Also  men  be  monished 
and  warned  that  here  "'"^  the  name  of  faith  doth  not 
signify  only  "'^  the'"*'  knowledge  of  the  history, 
such  as  is  the  faith  in  wicked  men '"'  and  dcvils,'"- 
but  doth  signify'"'^  the'"'  faith  that'"  believeth  not 
only  the  history,  but  also  the  effect  of  the  history, 
that  is  to  say,'"^''  this  '"*'  article  of  remission  of  sins, 
I  mean  (to  speak  more  plainly) '""  that  through  '"** 
Christ,  by  Christ's  merits  and  for  Christ's  sake,'"^ 
we  may'^'  have  grace,  righteousness  and  remission 
of  sins.  Now  he  that  knoweth  that  through  Christ 
he  hath  the  Father  merciful  and  favorable  to  him,"^' 
he  truly  knoweth  God,'**"  he  knoweth  that  God  is 
careful  for  him,"^  he  loveth  God,"''^  and  calleth 
upon  him.  and  (shortly  to  conclude)'^  he  is  not 
without  God,'*^  as  the  Gentiles  be;'*®  for'*"  devils'** 
and  wicked  men  '^^^  cannot  '*'  believe  this  article  of 

"-AB  C  To  the  end  that.  ""='D  Terrified.  '"AB  C  Might 
not  want.  "^' A  B  C  But  might  know.  "^ABC  And 
forgiveness.  "'  AB  Were  apprehended  and  received  by. 
C  Were  received  by,  C  Are  received.  ""  ABC  Another 
thing  that  we  teach  men  is  that  in  this  place,  D  Men  are 
also  admonished.  ■''^ABC  Not  only  signify.  '""A  A 
bare,  BC  A.  '"'ABC  Which  may  be  in  the  wicked. 
"-  A  And  is  in  the  devil,  B  C  And  in  the  devil.  "A  It 
signifieih.  BC  That  it  signifieth.  '"'ABC  A.  '''ABC 
Which.  '"'ABC  To  wit.  '"''ABCThe.  '""ABC 
For  "  I— plainly,"  read  "  Namelv."  '""ABC  By.  "''  A 
B  C  Delete  "  By— sake."  ""  AB  C  Delete.  '"  C  Trans- 
poses, That  he  hath  the  Father  merciful  to  him  through 
Christ,  A  B  That  the  Father  is  mercifuJ  to  him  through 
Christ,  D  That  he  has  a  merciful  Father  through  Christ. 
'*■' ABC  This  man  [D  Such  a  man]  knoweth  Cod  truly. 
'*-''ABC  Hath  a  care  of  him.  '"  '  D  Deletes  h.  e.  G. 
'*"  A  B  C  In  a  word.  '~  A  B  Add,  "  In  the  world."  '^'  A 
B  C  Are.  '""A  B  As  for.  '"A  B  C  The  devils.  '"^  A  B 
C  The  wicked.  '^'  A  B  Thev  can  never,  C  Can  never. 
4 


42  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSIOh. 

remission  '■'^  of  sins.  Therefore,'-'-  they  hate  God 
as  an'^^  enemy,  they  call  not  upon  him,  they  look 
for  no  goodness  of  him/''^  Augustine  also  doth 
warn'^^  the''"'  reader  of  the  name  of  faith,  after  like 
manner,'^"  and  teacheth  that  this  word  (faith)  in 
Scripture '^^  is  taken  not  for  knowledge,  such  as  is 
in  wicked  men,'^'-*  but  for  trust'""  which  doth  com- 
fort and  raise  ^"'  up  fearful  and  trembling^"-  minds. 

Furthermore^"^  our  men -"^  teach'-"''  that  it  is 
necessary """  to  do  good  works,  not  that  we  should 
trust  ^"^  to  deserve  grace  by  them,  but  because  it  is 
the  will  of  God  that  we  should  do  them.^""''  Re- 
mission of  sins  and  peace  of  conscience  is  taken 
alonely  by  faith.-"^  And  because  ^"^  the  Holy 
Ghost ^'"  is  taken  through^"  faith,  therefore  forth- 
with ^'^  hearts  are  renewed,-'^  and  endued  with  ^'^  new 
affections,  so  that  they  may"'"'  bring  forth  good 
works,  for  so^'"  saith  Ambrose,  that-"'  faith  is  the 
mother  and  bringer  forth  and  getter"''^  of  good^'" 

'■'•A  B  C  The  remission.  i^^A  B  C  And  therefore.  '"•^A  B 
C  Their.  '^^AB  C  Good  things  at  his  hands.  ^^^^B  C  After 
this  manner  doth,  [D  St.]  Augustine  admonish.  ''•"'AB  His. 
1"  A  B  C  Transfer  to  beginning  of  sentence,  See  note  195. 
'^**  A  B  C  Transfer  to  after  "  taken,"  A  The  Scriptures. 
B  C  Scriptures.  '•'■'  ABC  Such  a  knowledge  as  is  in  the 
wicked,  ^oo^  B  C  A  trust.  B  C  Add,  "  and  confidence." 
^"1  A  B  Cheer,  C  Lift.  ■^"^  A  B  C  For  f.  a.  t.,  read  "  Dis- 
quieted," D  "  Terrified."  •^"'  ABC  Moreover.  ^oi  ^  g 
Our  divines,  C  Ours.  '■^"^  A  B  Do  teach.  2»«  A  B  Requi- 
site. *- '  A  Not  for  to  hope,  B  Not  that  we  may  hope,  C  Not 
that  we  may  trust.  -'"^'  D  Deletes  "  That — them."  ■^»*  A 
B  delete  entire  sentence,  C  Transposes :  "  By  faith  alone 
is  apprehended  remission  of  sins  and  grace."  Notice  varia- 
tions of  Ed.  2.  •^«'■'  A  B  Add,  that.  2"'  ABC  Spirit.  ^" 
ABC  Received  by.  '^'^  A  B  Instead  of  t.  f.,  read  "  Our." 
-i-'  A  B  Presently  renewed,  C  Now  renewed.  '■^'*  A  B  Do 
put  on.  C  So  put  on.  '"^  ABC  Are  able  to.  "«  C  Thus. 
■^"  ABC  Delete.  ^'*  A  B  Instead  of  "  Mother— getter," 
read,  "Breeder."  C  Begetter,  D  Retains  only  "  Mother," 
"^^«  A  B  C  A  good. 


THE  A  L  'GSB  L  RG  COXFESSIOX.  43 

will,  and  of  just  and  righteous  doing."-*^  For  man's 
power,'"'  without  the  Holy  Ghost,^"  is "'  full  of 
wicked  affections,  and  more  weak  and  feeble  than 
it  can  do"'  works  that  be  good"'  before  God. 
Moreover  it  is  under  the  dominion  of  the  devil,"-* 
which""  driveth^-'"  men  violently""*  to  diverse ■'^ 
sins,  to  wicked  ■■"  opinions,  to  manifest  and  open '^' 
crimes  as  we  may  see  in "'-  philosophers,  which 
although  they  endeavored  themselves  to  live  hon- 
estly,-'" yet  they-**  could  not  bring  it  to  pass,""  but 
were  contaminated  and  polluted"^''  with  many  open 
crimes.'-^'  Such  is  the  imbecility  and  feebleness  ^^ 
of  man,  when  he  is  without  faith  and  the  Holy 
Ghost,-^'-'  and  governeth  himself  alonely  with  his 
own  strength.-^'^ 

By  this  it  is  open  enough**'  that  this  doctrine  is 
not  to  be  accused,  as  prohibiting-*-  g  od  works,  but 
much-*-''  rather  to  be  lauded  and  praised  ^^  as  show- 
ing to   us  -"  how  we  may  -*''  do  good  works ;   for 

-'="ABC  Good  actions.  '-'AB  C  Powers.  "-ABC  Spirit. 
"'A  B  C  Are.  ''■'♦A  B  C  Weaker  than  they  can  do,  C  Too 
weak  to  perform.  D  Too  weak  to  do.  '-'A  B  C  Any  good 
deed.  '"'A  B  C  Besides  they  are  in  the  devil's  power.  ""  C 
Who.  -■■ '  D  Impelleth.  --"  ABC  Forward.  D  Deletes. 
-'-"  ABC  Into.  [D  To]  divers.  -'''  ABC  Into  profane. 
-"  A  B  Instead  of  t.  m.  a.  o. :  "Into  very  heinous,''  C 
"  Into  heinous,"  D  Into  manifest.  -■-'  A  B  C  As  was  to 

[D  May]  be  seen  in  the.  •'"  ABC  Who  assaying  to  live 
an  honest  life.  -'  ABC  Delete.  -''  ABC  Attain  unto 
it.  "'«  A  B  Defiled  themselves.  C  Were  defiled.  ^''  A  B 
With  open  and  gross  faults,  C  With  many  heinous  [D 
Manifest]  crimes.  -'"ABC  Instead  of  "  Imb-feebleness," 
read  "  Weakness.''  ■''  ABC  Spirit.  -'"  ABC  Instead 
of  "  Governeth — strength,''  read,  "  Hath  no  other  guide  but 
the  natural  powers  of  man."  -"  ABC  Hereby  every  man 
may  see,  [D  It  may  be  clearly  seen.]  -'-  ABC  Forbid- 
ding. -'"  ABC  Delete.  -"  A  B  C  Is  much  to  be  com- 
mended. -'■'  ABC  Because  it  showeth.  -"^  A  B  C  After 
what  sort  we  must  [D  In  what  manner  we  may  be  able  to.] 


44  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

without  faith,  the  nature  of  man  can,  in  no  wise,^'"' 
do  ^^  the  works  of  the  First  and  ^""^  of  the  ^'^  Second 
Precept ;  ^^  without  faith,  a  man  maketh  not  invoca- 
tion to'^^  God,  he  looketh  for  nothing  of  ^^^  God,  he 
beareth  not  the  cross,-^^  but  seeketh  for  man's 
help,^^^  trusting  in  man's  help."^^  So,"^"  in  the  heart, 
reigneth  all  manner  of  lusts  and  desires,  and  human 
counsels,"^^  when  faith  "'*''  is  away,^*^^  and  trust  to- 
ward God,^^^  wherefore  "^"  Christ  also  said  that :  ^*"^ 
"Without  me  ye  can  do  nothing,"  John  15,^*^*  and 
the  Church  singeth :  "  Without  Thy  influence,^*'^ 
nothing  is^*'  in  man,  nothing  is  unguilty."""^ 

21.    Of  Honoring  of  Saints. 

Of  honoring^  of  saints,  they  teach  that  the 
memory  or  remembrance^  of  saints  may  be  pur- 
posed or  set  forth,^  to  the  intent*  that  we  may  fol- 
low their  faith,  and  their '^  good  works,  according 
to  our  vocation,  and  ^  calling,  as  the  Emperor  may 
follow  the  ensample  of  David  ''  in  holding  battle  ^  to 

^^'  A  B  C  By  no  means.  "-'''  ABC  Perform.  -^^  C  Or. 
^^^"  A  B  C  Delete  "  Of  the."  D  Retains  "  The."  '^'  A  B  C 
Table.  "'"^  ABC  Instead  of  "  A.— to,"  read,  "  It  cannot 
call  upon."  ^^^  A  B  C  Instead  of  "  He — of,"  read,  "  Hope 
in  God."  -^*  ABC  Bear  the  cross.  '^^  ABC  Help  from 
man.  ^^^  A  B  C  And  trusteth  in  man's  help.  ''■'•'''  A  B 
C  Add,  "  It  cometh  to  pass,  that."  '^  A  B  All  lusts  and 
desires,  and  all  human  devices  and  councils  do  bear  sway, 
C  AH  lusts  and  human  councils  bear  sway  in  the  heart. 
"^  A  B  C  So  long  as  faith  and  trust  in  God.  '''"ABC  Is 
absent.  C  Are  absent.  =«'  Cf,  Note  259.  ^62  q  ^^^^^ 
"  Also."  ""'''  ABC  Christ  saith.  =«^  B  C  XV.  5.  ^*»  A  B 
C  Power.  '^'  A  B  There  is  naught.  C*  Is  naught.  '^''  A 
B  And  there  is  nothing,  but  that  which  is  hurtful,  C^ 
Naught  that  is  innocent. 

^  ABC  Touching  [D  Concerning]  the  worship.  ^AB 
C  Delete.  'ABC  For  "  Purposed— forth,"  read  "  Set 
before  us."  A  B  C  Delete  t.  t.  i.  'A  B  C  Delete.  «ABC 
Delete  V.  a.  "ABC  David's  example.  -ABC  Making  war. 


THE  A  i  'GSB  i  -R G  CONFESS/0.\ \  45 

drive  away  the  Turk-*  from  his"*''  country,  for 
either  of  them  is  a  king;  but  Scripture'  teacheth 
not  to  call  upon  "^  saints  or  to  ask  help  of  saints, 
for  Scripture  setteth  forth  "  unto  us  Christ  alone, '^ 
as  a  mean,  a  pacifier,  a  Bishop,  and  an  '■'  Interces- 
sor. He  is  to  be  prayed  unto,'^  and  he  hath  prom- 
ised that  he  will  hear  our  prayers,  and  he  chiefly 
alloweth  this  honour,''^  that  is  to  say,'"  that  he  be 
called  upon '"  in  all  afflictions,  i  John  3.''*  If  any  man 
sin,  we  have  an  advocate  with  God,  and  so  forth. "'^ 


This*  is  almost'  the  sum  of  the  doctrine  with  ■^ 
us,  in  which  (as  every  man  may  see),^  there  *  is 
nothing  that  varieth  from  Scripture,  or  from '  the 
Catholic  and  universal  Church,*^  or  from^  the 
Church  of  Rome,^  so  far  forth,'  as  it'"  is  known 
of"  writers."*  The  which  thing,  since  it  is  thus,'^ 
these  fellows'^  judge  ungently  and  cruelly'*  which 
require  our  men  to  be  bad  reputed,  and  taken  for''^ 
heretics.     There  is  no  dissension  but  about  "^  cer- 

-"A  B  C  Turks.  ^''  D  The.  ''A  B  C  The  Scripture.  "A  B 
C  Invocate.  "ABC  Because  it  propoundeth,  D  Sets  before. 
'-ABC  [D  The]  One  Christ.  'ABC  The  Mediator,  Pro- 
pitiator [C  Propitiatory],  High  Priest  and.  "ABC  This 
Christ  is  to  be  invocated  [D  Invoked].  'AB  C  And  liketh 
this  worship  especially,  D  And  this  worship  especially  ap- 
proves. "'A  B  C  To  wit.  '"AB  C  Invocated,  D  Restores 
"Called  upon."  "A  2,  B  C  Transfer  to  end,  as,  II.  i. 
''  C  Jesus  Christ  the  Righteous. 

*  This  section,  as  well  as  the  following,  is  not  found  in 
A  B.  '  C  About.  -  C  Among.  '  C  Can  [D  May]  be 
seen.  *  C  That  there.  '"  C  Which  is  discrepant  with  [D 
Deviates  from]  the  Scriptures  or  with  [D  From].  '■  C 
Church  Catholic.  '  C  Even  with  [D  From].  "  C  Roman 
Church.  '■'  C  Deletes.  '"  C  That  church.  "  C  From. 
""  D  From  the  writings  of  the  Fathers.  '-  C  For  all  that 
precedes,  "  This  being  the  case."  '■  C  They.  "  C  Us 
harshly.  '^  C  Who  insist  that  we  [D  Our  ministers]  shall 
be  regarded  as.       "*  C  But  the  dissension  is  concerning. 


46  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

tain  abuses  which  have  crept  into  the  churches 
without  sure  authority.^''  In  the  which  also^^  if 
there  should  be  any  dissimihtude,'^  yet  it  might 
beseem  bishops,  to  be  of  such  lenity  and  mildness/'^ 
that  for  this-'  confession,  which  we  have  now  re- 
hearsed,^^ they  would  suffer  our  men."^  For  the 
very  canons  themselves  be  not  so  hard,  nor  so 
strait,-^  as  to  require-^  the  self-same  usages  and 
rites  to  be  everywhere.^''  Nor  was  there  never  in 
any  time,  like  rites  in  all  churches,^''  although  with"^* 
us,  the  old  rites  for  the  most  part  are  diligently  ob- 
served and  kept.^''  For  it  is  a  false  and  a  slander- 
ous report^"  that  all  ceremonies,^'  all  old  institutions, 
ordinances  and  customs,  be  utterly  set  aside '^"  in 
our  churches.  But  a  common '^^  complaint  there  ^* 
was  that  certain  abuses  did  stick  and  hang  in  the 
vulgar  and  accustomed  rites.^^  These  because  they 
could  not  with  good  conscience  be  allowed  and^" 
approved,  they  ^^  be  somewhat  ^^  corrected. 

^'  C  Without  any  certain  authority  have  crept  into  the 
churches.  ^*  C  In  which  things  even.  ^^  C  Were  some 
difference,  -"  C  Yet  would  it  be  a  becoming  lenity  on  the 
part  of  the  bishops.  '-'  C  On  account  of  the.  "  C  Pre- 
sented. ''^  C  Should  bear  with  us.  -*  C  Since  not  even  the 
canons  are  so  severe.  -^  C  Demand.  -"^  C  The  same  rites 
everywhere.  ■'"  C  Nor  were  the  rites  of  all  churches  at  any 
time  the  same.  -"  C  Among.  -^  C  In  large  part  the  an- 
cient rites  were  diligently  observed.  -'^  C  A  calumnious 
falsehood,  D  A  false  calumny.  ''^  C  The  ceremonies.  ■"  C 
All  the  things  instituted  of  old  are  abolished.  •"  C  The 
public.  '^^  C  Deletes.  '^^  C  Were  connected  with  the  rites 
in  common  use.  ^  C  Deletes  "  Allowed  and."  '^*  C  De- 
letes.    ^^  C  Have  to  some  extent  been. 


THE  A  I  -GSB I  'RG  COM-ESSIOX.  47 


THE^   ARTICLES 

IX    WHICH    ARK    RKHP:ARSKD-   CERTAIN  '    AP.rSES 
CHAXGKI).  ' 


Since  ^  the  churches  with  ^  us  in  no  article  of  the 
faith  dissent'  from  the  CathoHc  Church,*  all"  only 
they '"  omit  a  certain  few ''  abuses,  which  be  new,'' 
and  against  the  will  and  intent  in  '^  the  canons,  by 
process  of  time  (which  gathereth  much  vice)  re- 
ceived,'^ we  desire  and  pray  the  Emperof's  ''^  Majesty 
that  he  will  favorably  hear '"  both  what  thing  is"' 
changed,  and  also '"  what  were  the  causes  why  and 
wherefore  the  people  is  not  compelled  to  observe 
those  abuses  against  their  conscience,''^  and  that  the 
Emperor's-'*  ^Iajesty  will  give  no  credence  to  these 
fellows  which  sow  among  the  people  wonderful 
slanders  only  to  inflame  and  kindle  hatred  of  men 
against  our  preachers."'     By  these  means,"^  provo- 

'  C  Deletes.  -  C  Recounted.  ■'  C  The.  '  C  Which 
have  been  corrected.  '  C  Inasmuch  as.  '' C  Among.  'C 
Transfers  "  Dissent  "  to  before  "  In  no.''  "  C  Church  Cath- 
olic. ■'  C  And.  '"  C  Deletes.  "  C  A  few  of  [D  deletes 
"  of  1  certain.  '-'  C  Are  novel.  ''  C  Contrary  to  the  pur- 
port of.  "  C  Have  been  received  by  the  fault  of  the  times. 
'■'  C  We  beg  that  Your  Imperial.  "'  C  Would  clemently 
hear.  '•  C'  What  ought  to  be.  '"•  C  Deletes.  ''  C  What 
are  the  reasons  that  the  people  ought  not  to  be  [D  Has 
not  been]  forced,  against  their  consciences,  to  observe 
those  abuses.  -"'  C  Nor  should  Your  Imperial.  ■'  C  Who, 
that  they  may  inflame  the  hatred  of  men  against  us,  scatter 
amazing  slanders  among  the  people.      ''  C  In  this  way. 


48  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

king  the  minds  of  good  men,'"''  they  gave"^''  occa- 
sion of -^  this  dissension  in  the  beginning.^^  and,  by 
the  same  craft,-"  they  be  about  now  -''  to  increase 
debate,  and  make  more  discord.-^  For  the  Empe- 
ror's Majesty  shall  undoubtedly-''  find  the*'  form 
both  of  doctrine'^'  and  also"  of  ceremonies  to  be 
more  tolerable  with  us;'^^  than  the  wicked  and  evil 
men  do  describe  it  to  be;^^  Certes,'^'  the  truth  of 
the  matter  can  neither  be  gathered  of  the  rumours 
and  tangling  of  the  vulgar  people,  nor  yet  of  the 
evil  reportings  of  our  enemies.^''  But  this  may 
soon  be  judged^'  that  nothing  helpeth  more^^  to 
conserve^''  the  dignity  and  worthiness ■*"  of  cere- 
monies, and  to  nourish  ^^  reverence,  and  godliness 
in  "  the  people,  than  if  ^^  ceremonies  be  duly  and 
accordingly  done^^  in  the  churches. 

I.  Of  the  Sacrament  of  the  Altar  to  be  re- 
ceived IN  both  kinds,  of  all  men  and  women. 
Both  kinds  ^  of  the  sacrament  ^  are  ^  given  to  lay- 
men^ in  the  Supper  of  the  Lord;  for'  this  usage ^ 
hath  for  itself  the  commandment  of  the  Lord  in 

'^^  C  The  minds  of  good  men  being  [D  Having  been]  an- 
gered at  the  beginning.  -'•'  D  Have  given.  '-*  C  To. 
'-■'  C  See  note  23.  '-'^  C  Craft.  "  C  They  now  endeavor. 
-^  C  For  "  Deb. — Discords,"  read  ''  Discords."  "'C  For  with- 
out doubt  Your  Imperial  Majesty  will.  -^"  C  That  the.  '^^  C 
Doctrines.  ■"  C  Deletes.  ■"  C  Among  us  is  far  more  tol- 
erable. ■"  C  That  which  these  wicked  and  malicious  men 
describe.  ''  C  Delete.  '''^  The  truth,  moreover,  cannot  be 
gathered  from  common  rumors  and  the  reproaches  of  ene- 
mies. ■"  C  But  it  is  easy  to  judge  this.  '^^'  C  Is  more 
profitable.  ^^  C  Preserve.  ^"  C  Deletes  "And  worthiness." 
"  C  Nurture.  *-  C  Piety  among.  *'  C  That  the.  "  C 
Should  be  rightly  performed. 

^  A  B  Either  kind.  -ABC  Transfer  hither  last  clause, 
reading  it  "  In  the  Lord's  Supper."  A  B  Is.  *A  B  C  The 
laity.  ^  A  B  C  Because  that.  "ABC  Custom.  '  A  B 
ABC  Delete  "  For  itself." 


THE  AUG S BURG  COXFKSS/OX.  49 

the  26th  of  Matthew^  (Drink''  of  this  all)  where 
Christ  commandeth  manifestly,'"  that  all  should 
drink  of  the  cup.  And  lest  any"  man  might  make 
ca\ilIation,'*  and  say ''^  that  this"  pertained  and 
belonged  only'''  to  priests,'"  Paul'"  to  the  Corin- 
thians reciteth  an  example  '"  in  which  it  appeared  " 
that  the  whole  congregation  ^'  did  use  both  kinds,^' 
and"  this  custom  remained  long-'  in  the  Church,"* 
neither  it  is  surely  known"'  when  or  by  whose ^ 
authority,-'^  it  was  changed.-'"  Cyprian  in  certain 
places  doth  witness,  that  the  blood  was  given  to  the 
people  ; '"''  the  same  thing  Hierome  doth  -■  witness,  ^ 
saying:  "  The  priests  do  serve  and'-''  minister  the 
body ,^"  and  divide'^'  the  blood  of  Christ  to^""  the 
people.  Gelasius,^-  the  bishop  of  Rome,*^  com- 
mandeth that  the  sacrament  be  not  divided.     Dis- 

-A  B  C  Transfer  to  after  quotation,  A  Matt.  XX\I.,B  C 
Matt.  XXVI  :  27.  'A  B  C  "  All  ye  of  this."  "A  B  C  Doth 
manifestly  command,  D  Manifestly  commands.  ABC  Add 
here  the  last  clause  "  Concerning  the  cup.''  "A  B  C  That 
no.  '^A  B  C  Cavil.  "A  B  C  Delete.  'A  B  It.  'A  B  Doth 
only  appertain,  C  Doth  only  pertain,  D  should  refer.  "AB 
C  The  priests,  D  adds  "  .Vlone."'  '"ABC  The  example 
of,  D  St.  Paul  to  the  Corinthians  recites  an  instance.  '"  A 
B  Doth  witness,  C  Witnesseth.  ''ABC  Delete.  ■"  A 
B  C  Church.  -'  A  Did  in  common  use  either  part,  B  C 
Did  use  either  part  in  common,  C  ut  supra,  adding,  "  In 
common."  B  C  Add  i  Cor.  XI  :  28.  --  A  B  Delete.  -'  A 
B  C  A  long  time.  B  C  Add  "  even."  -'  B  C  Latter 

churches.  -'  ABC  Certain.  ■"*  ABC  What.  -■  A  B 
Author.  -■'  C  D  Insert  according  to  Ed.  i,  what  ABC 
following  Ed.  2  have  deleted.  C'  "  Although  the  Cardi- 
nal de  Cusa  relates  when  it  was  approved."  D  "  Though 
(he  Cardinal  Cusanus,  mentions  the  time  when  it  was  ap- 
proved.'' -"'•  C  Deletes,  but  C  Restores.  -"  A  Doth 
Hierom.  B  C  Doth  Jerome.  -"'  ABC  Testify.  ""  A  B 
C  Delete  "  Serve  and,''  D  Deletes  •*  do."  "'  A  B  Sacra- 
ment, C  Eucharist.  '  A  B  Distribute,  C  Communicate. 
■■"^'  D  Among.  ''A  B  Prefix  vea,  C  Xav.  'A  B  C  Pope. 
'"ABC    Dist. 


5  0  THE  A  UGSB  L  7?  G   CONFESSION. 

tinct.^*  2.  Dc  Consecrationef^  Cap.  Comperiimis. 
Only  the^*^  custom,^''  not  very  ancient,^^  is  ^^  other- 
wise. Bnt  certain  it  is  ^^  that  a  custom,  brought  up 
against  ^'  the  commandments  of  God,  is  not  to  be 
allowed/"  as  the  canons  do  witness,  Distinct."  8. 
Cap.  Veritate\  with  other  that*^  followeth,-*^  but*^ 
this  custom  is^"  received  not  alonely^'-  against 
Scripture,^^  but  also  against  the  old ''"  canons  and 
the  example ■''^  of  the  Church.  Wherefore'^"  if  any 
had  ^^  rather  use  ^^"  both  kinds  ^^  of '*■'  the  Sacrament, 
they  ought  ^^  not  to  be  compelled  to  do  otherwise, 
with  offence  of  their  conscience.  And  because 
the^"  division  ""^  of  the  Sacrament  agreeth  not  •'^'' with 
the  ordinance  ^  of  Christ,  we  do  ""^  omit  and  leave  ^^ 
the  ''^  procession  which  was  accustomed  to  be 
observed  heretofore.*^^ 

2.  The  Marriage  of  Priests. 

Very    many    complained  ^    of    the    examples    of 

priests,   which    lived   not   chaste   and   continently.^ 

For  which  cause  also,^"  Pius,  the  bishop  of  Rome,^ 

is  reported  to  have  said,  that   there   were   certain 

^^A  B   C    Consecr.  ^^«  A   B   C    Delete.  ■^"  A 

B  New  custom.  ^-  A  B  Brought  in  of  late,  C  Not  thus  an- 
cient, D  Restores  Taverner.  ■•'■^  ABC  Doth,  D  Has  it. 
^"  ABC  It  is  manifest.  ^'  A  B  C  Is  contrary  to.  ^'-  Ap- 
proved. *'^  Dist.  *'  A  B  That  which,  C  The  words  which. 
^^  C  Follow.  D  And  the  followincr.  ^''A  B  C  Now.  ''  C  Has 
been.  ^^  A  B  C  Only.  ^''  A  B  C  The  Scripture.  ^"  A 
True,  B  C  Ancient.  ''  A  D  Examples.  ^-  A  B  C  There- 
fore. "'•  C  Would.  ^'"  D  Have  used.  ^*  A  B  Parts.  ''■'  C 
In.  ^^A  B  Were,  C  Are  ■"■'  D  Have  been.  '"A  B  C  That 
the,  D  Returns  to  Taverner.  ^"  A  B  Parting.  '■'  ABC 
Doth  not  agree.  ''"'  ABC  Institution.  "^  A  B  We  used 
to,  C  Among  us  it  is  the  custom  to,  D  It  is  the  custom 
among  us,  to.  '■-  ABC  Delete  a.  1.  '•■  ABC  That.  «* 
ABC  Hitherto  hath  been  in  use. 

'ABC  There  was  a  common  complaint.  'ABC  Of 
such  priests  as  were  not  continent.  "^  C  Deletes.  ^ABC 
Pope  Pius. 


THE  A  L  GSB  URG  CONFESSIOX.  i,  1 

causes  why '  marriage  was  taken  away  from '' 
priests.  But  much  more  greater  causes  there  be 
wherefore  it"  ought  to  be  restored  unto  them^ 
again.  For  so  writeth  Platina.*  Since,''  therefore, 
the  priests  with"'  us  were  desirous"  to  avoid  those 
open  slanders,^-  they  married '''  wives,  and  taught'^ 
that  it  was''  lawful  for  them"^  to  contract  matri- 
mony and  to  marry.'"  First,  because'"*  Paul  saith  : 
Propter  fornicationem,  nuusquisijue  suani  iixorem 
habcatP  That  is  to  say :  "  Let  every  man  have 
his  wife  to  avoid  fornication."-'^  Also,*'  "  It  is  bet- 
ter to  be  married  than  to  be  burned."-'"'  Second- 
arily" Christ  saith,  Non  o)iines  capiunt  verbum  JiocP 
That  is  to  say:  "Not  all  do  take"*  this  word,"-"* 
where  he  teacheth"'  that  not  all  men  be  apt  to  live 
sole,  and  unmarried;-"  for  God  did  create  a  man'' 
to  procreation,-'-*  as  it  appeareth  in  the  First  of 
Genesis.*'  And  it  lieth  not^'  in  man's  power,  with- 
out a  singular^-  gift  and  work  of  God,  to  change 
the  creation  of  God.^'     Therefore,  they  that  be  not 

'ABC    For  which.  ABC  Forbidden    to.        '•  A 

BC  There  were  many  weightier  causes  why  it.  "ABC 
Should  be  permitted.  'ABC  Platina  writeth.  ''AB 
Whenas,  C  Whereas.  '"ABC  Among.  '"  AB  Sought, 
C  Seek.  '-'ABC  These  public  oft'ences.  "C  Have  mar- 
ried. "C  Have  taught.  ''C  Is.  "'AB  Themselves. 
'"  AB  To  join  in  marriage,  C  To  enter  into  marriage. 
"ABC  Because  that.  '''ABC  Delete  Latin.  -"ABC 
"To  avoid  fornication,  let  every  man  have  his  wife." 
■-''  ABC  Again.  -'A  B  C  "To  marrv  than  to  burn,"  B  C 
Add  I  Cor.  7  :  2,  9.  ■■'  ABC  Secondly.  -'■  ABC  Delete 
Latin  and  "  That — say."  -'AB  All  men  do  not  receive, 
C  All  men  cannot  receive.  '''  BC  Add  Matth.  19:  11,  D 
-Matth.  19:  12.  -'^ABC  Showeth.  -'ABC  All  men  are 
not  fit  for  a  single  life.  -'"  ABC  Because  that  God  created 
man,  C  Mankind,  otherwise  as  AB.  '' C  ^Lile  and  fe- 
male. '"  Instead  of  "  As — (ienesis,"  AB  simply  ''Gen.  i,'' 
C  Gen.  I  :  28.  "  AB  It  is  not,  C  Nor  is  it.  '-'ABC 
Special.       "ABC  Alter  his  creation. 


52  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

apt  to  live  sole  and  unmarried, '^^  ought  to  contract^ 
matrimony*'  and  to  marry  ;^''  for  no  man's  law,^^ 
no  vow  can  take  away  the  commandment  and  or- 
dinance of  God.^^  For^'^  these  causes,*^  the*^  priests 
do  teach ,*^  that  it  is  lawful  for  them  to^^  marry  ^ 
wives.  It  is  evidently  known  also '"'  that  in  the 
beginning  of  the^''  Church/"^  priests  were  married 
men.*^  For  Paul  saith  that  he  that  is  a  married 
man  is  to  be  chosen  bishop.^"  And  in  Germany, 
first  of  all  other  places,^'  the  priests  were^^  vio- 
lently constrained^^  (somewhat  more  than  CCCC 
years  ago),^*  to  live  without  wives,  and  unmarried,^^ 
which  ^"  truly  did  withstand  it  so  greatly,'*''  that 
when^^  the  Archbishop  of  Mentz  was^'^  about  to 
publish  the  Bishop""^  of  Rome's  bull*^^  of  that  mat- 
ter,^' he  was  almost  oppressed '^^  of  the  angry  priests 
crying  out  upon  him.*'^  And  the  thing'''  was  han- 
dled so  uncourteously  and  ungently,*'"  that  not 
alonely  marriages  were  inhibited  to  be  made"''  in 

■'*AB  C  Such  as  are  not  meet  for  a  single  life.  "AB  Join 
in.  ■■^'^C  Marriage.  ■'"ABC  Delete.  -'"ABC  No  law  of  man. 
^"A  B  C  The  commandment  of  God  and  his  ordinance. 
*"ABC  By.  ^'ABC  Reasons.  «AB  Our.  «ABC  Prove, 
D  restores  "Teach."  *^  ABC  That  they  may  lawfully. 
«  C  Take.  «ABC  And  it  is  well  known.  *"  A  B  C  The 
ancient.  *"  ABC  Churches.  ^"  ABC  Delete.  »«ABC 
That  a  bishop  must  be  chosen  which  is  a  husband.  ^'  A 
deletes  "  First — places."  B  deletes  "  Of — places,"  C  substi- 
tutes "Not  until."  ^- C  transposes  "the  priests"  and 
''were."  ^'ABC  By  violence  compelled.  ^*ABC 
Transfer  to  after  clause  51,  and  read  "About  400  years 
ago."  55  _^BC  A  single  life.  '^  K^Q  Who.  "'  K^Q 
Then  were  so  wholly  bent  against  the  matter.  ^^  ^  g  q 
Delete.  ^^aBC  Being.  ««ABC  Pope.  «'ABC  Decree. 
«-'A  B  In  that  behalf,  C  To  that  effect.  «^'A  B  C  Murdered. 
«^A  B  C  In  a  tumult  by  the  priests  in  their  anger.  ^^K  B  C 
Matter.  «« Instead  of"  so  uncourteously — ungently,"  A  reads 
"  Contrary  to  law,"  B  C  Rudely.  «'  A  They  did  not  only 
forbid  marriages,  B  C  Not  only  were  marriages  forbidden. 


THE  A I  'GSB  L  RG  COXFESSIOX.  ^S 

time  afterwards'"'**  to  come,  but  also  the  marriages 
made  already""  were  dissevered  and  broken""  against 
all  right  and  law,  both  of  God  and  man,"'  yea  against 
the  selfe  canons  made"-  not  aionely  of  bishops  of 
Rome,  but  of  most  laudable"*  Councils.  And  for- 
asmuch"' (as  the  world  now  drawing  to  an  end)" 
the  nature  of  man"''  is  by  little  and  little  made 
more  weak  and  feeble,"  it  is  convenient  to  provide 
beforehand"''  that  no  vices  creep  into"'*  Germany. 
Undoubtedly"^'  God  did  ordain'*'  marriage  to  be  a 
remed}'  for  man's  infirmity.  And "-'  the  canons 
themselves  do^"''  say,  that  the  old  rigour  ought 
otherwhiles  in  the  later  ^^  times  to  be  released,  and 
made  more  slack *^  because  of'^^  the  imbecility  and*' 
weakness  of  men;  which  thing  is""  to  be  wished 
that  it  were'^"  done  here**"  in  this  matter.'*'  And  it 
should  seem  that  churches  shall  at  length  lack 
their  true  pastors,  if  marriage  should  any  longer 
be  prohibited."'     But  when  the"-  commandment  of 

'•'AB  C  For  the  time.  "''A  B  C  Such  as  were  then  con- 
tracted. ""A  Deletes  "  Were — broken,"  B  Transposes  it  to 
close  of  sentence  and  reads  simply,  "  Broken  asunder,  C 
Retains  order,  ut  supra,  but  adopts  B's  reading.  "'ABC 
Instead  of  "Against — man,"  read  ■"  Contrary  to  all  laws  di- 
vine and  human."  "-A  B  C  Contrary  to  the  Canons  them- 
selves that  were  before  made.  "  AB  C  Not  only  by  Popes, 
but  also  by  most  famous.  "'ABC  Seeing  that.  'A  The 
world  decayint^s  B  As  the  world  decayeth.  "''ABC  Man's 
nature.  "ABC  By  little  and  little  waxeth  weaker.  "'  A 
B  C  It  is  behoveful  to  look  well  to  it.  ""ABC  No  more 
vices  do  [D  Deletes  "Do  "J  overspread.  ""ABC  Fur- 
thermore. -'ABC  Ordained.  "ABC  Delete.  --■'  D 
Deletes.  "'ABC  Is  now  and  then  in  latter.  "'ABC 
Delete  "  And— slack."  ■'  A  B  For.  "'ABC  Delete 
"  Imbec.  and."  '"A  B  C  Which  it  were.  "AB  C  Instead  of 
"  That  it  were."  read  "  Might  be."  ''ABC  Delete.  '*'  A 
B  C  Add  ■■  Also."  "'  AB  It  is  very  like  that  if  marriage 
be  forbidden  any  longer,  we  shall  at  length  want  pastors  in 
the  Church,  C  And  if  marriage  be  forbidden  any  longer, 
the  churches  may  at  length  want  pastors.  "'  ABC  Seeing 
then  that  there  is  a  plain. 


54  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

God  is  open,^^  when  the  custom ^^  of  the  Church  is 
known/'  when  the  unclean  Hving  without  wives'^" 
bringeth  forth  so  many  slanders  and  occasions  of 
evil,  so  many  adulteries  and  other  crimes^"  worthy 
to  be  looked  upon,  and ''-  punished,  of  a  good  gov- 
ernor,^^  yet  it  is  a  marvelous  thing  ^^'^  that  in 
nothing  more  cruelty  is  exercised  ^"^  than  against 
the  marriage  of  priests.  God  commandeth  ^"'  to 
honor  marriage  laws  in  all  commonwealths  well 
ordered,^"^  yea,  with  the  heathen,  men^'-^  have  fur- 
nished and  ^"'^  adorned  matrimony^"'  with  most 
high^"'^  honors.  But  now  men  shall  lose  their 
lives,^'^'-  yea  and  that  priests,  against'*^  the  mind'*^'"" 
of  the  canon  laws,'"*  for  none"'  other  cause  than"^ 
for"'^  marriage.  Paul  calleth  it  the"*  doctrine  of 
devils,  which  prohibiteth  matrimony."'  This  thing, 
to  be  true,  may  be  easily  perceived  now,'"*  when"'' 
the  prohibition"*  of  marriage  is  defended  with"" 
such  punishments.  But  now'"'^  as  no  man's  law^^' 
can  take  away  the  commandment'"  of  God,  so  no 

^'ABC  Delete  "Is  open."  '"ABC  Seeing  that 
the  use.  '"A  B  C  Well-known.  '"^  A  BC  Seeing 
that  impure  single  life.  ''"  Instead  of  all  after  "  Forth," 
ABC  read,  "Very  many  offences,  adulteries  and  other 
enormities."  '""  A  B  C  Delete  all  after  "Be."  '''' AB 
C  By  the  godly  [D  Just]  magistrate.  '^'"ABC  Mar- 
vel. '"'ABC  Greater  cruelty  should  be  showed  in  no 
other  thing.  '"-  ABC  Hath  commanded.  '"'  ABC 
Transpose  c.  and  w.  o.  ""  ABC  Even  among  the  hea- 
then. '"'^  ABC  Delete  f.  a.  ""'  ABC  Marriage.  '"'  A 
B  C  Very  great.  ""  A  B  C  Are  cruelly  put  to  death.  '"■'  A 
BC  And  priests  also  contrary  to.  "'"■' D  Meaning.  '"ABC 
Canons.  '"ABC  No.  "-ABButonly.  C  But.  "' C 
Deletes.  "^  A  B  C  That  a.  '"  ABC"  Forbiddeth  mar- 
riage," A  Adds  I  Tim.  iv.,  B  C  i  Tim.  iv.  i.  '"■  ABC 
Which  may  now  very  well  be  seen.  "'  A  B  When  as,  C 
Since.  '"ABC  Forbidding.  "'^  A  B  C  Maintained  by. 
'■-■  ABC  Delete.     '-'  ABC  Law  of  man.     '"  ABC  Law. 


THE  AUGSBCRG  COXFKSSIOX.  55 

\ow  can  take  away  the  commandment  of  God.'-' 
Therefore  Cyprian  also'-^  persuadcth '-' that  women 
be  married,'-''  which  keep  not  their  chastity  prom- 
ised.'-" These  be  his  words'-^  in  the  First  book, 
tlie  11'-'*  Epistle:  "If  either'-''  they  will  not,  or 
else  they  cannot  persevere  and  abide  still,'*"  it  is 
better'^' 'that  they  be  married'*-  than  that  they 
fall'"  into  the  fire  with  their  dainties;'*'  at  the  least 
way,  that  they  give  not''^'  occasion  of  evil  to  their 
brethren  and'*'  sisters.''  And"'  the  canon  laws'** 
themselves'*'' do""  use  a'"  certain"*  equity'"  and 
show-  favor"'  toward  them  which"''  before  they  be 
of  sufficient  age,'*"  have  vowed, ""^  as  commonly  it 
hath  been  accustomed,'*''  to  be  lone'"'  until  this 
day. 

3.    Of  the  Mass. 

Our    churches    be   falsely^    accused    that   they 
utterly  destroy  and  take  away  ■  the  Mass.     For  the 

'-'*  Instead  of  "  So— God."'  ABC  read  "  No  more  can  any 
vow  whatsoever."  '-'A  B  C  Delete,  C  Restores.  '-ABC 
Giveth  counsel,  D  Advises.  '-"  ABC  Those  women 
should  [D  To]  marry.  '-'  ABC  Do  not  keep  their  vowed 
chastity.  '"  ABC  His  words  are  these.  '-■■'  D  nth.  '-'A 
BC  Delete.  '  "  ABC  Are  not  able  to  endure,  D  Restores 
"  Persevere."  ' "  ABC  Far  better,  D  Belter.  '-ABC 
Should  marry.  " •  ABC  Should  fall.  ''ABC  Hy  their 
importunate  desires.  "'ABC  Instead  of  "At — and," 
read  "In  any  wise,  let  them  give  no.''  ''ABC  Or. 
''\AB  Yea  and,  C  Yea  even.  '-ABC  Canons.  '"A 
BC  Delete.  ""ABC  Delete.  '"  C  Show  some.  '"A 
B  Kind  of,  C  Some  kind  of.  '"  C  Justice,  D  Leniency. 
"ABC  Delete.  '"ABC  Such  as.  "'ABC  Their 
ripe  years.  ""ABC  Did  vow  chastity,  D  Have  taken 
vows  of.  "•'  AB  As  hitherto  the  use  hath  been,  C  Inserts 
after  hath,  "  For  the  most  part,"  in  other  respects  as  A  B 
D  As  hitherto,  for  the  most  i)art,  has  been  the  custom. 
'""'  See  Note  148,  rendered  by  ABC"  Chastity." 

'ABC  Are  wrongfully.         -  Instead  of  "  That — away," 
ABC  Read  "  To  have  abolished,  D  Of  abolishing. 


56  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

Mass  is  retained  and  held^  still  with''  us,  and  is^ 
celebrated  with  high  ^  reverence.  Also  the  usual 
and  customary  ceremonies,  almost  all "  are  observed 
and  kept,®  save  ^  that  among  the  Latin  songs  '*^  be 
mixed  here  and  there  German  songs,"  which  be  '^ 
added  to  teach  the  people.^^  For'*  ceremonies 
serve  '^  to  teach  the  inexpert  and  rude  people,'*'  or 
that  the  entreating  or  handling  of  the  Word  of 
God,'^  may  stir  up  some  men'®  to '^  the  true  fear, 
faith  ^"  and  prayer.^'  And  not  alonely  Paul  com- 
mandeth  "  to  use  in  the  Church  '^  a  tongue  which  "** 
the  people  do  perceive  and^  understand,^*^  but  also 
it  is  so  constituted  and  ordained  by  man's  law."'' 

The  people  be  accustomed  to  use^  the  sacrament 
together,  if  any  be  apt  thereto/^  and  that  also'^'* 
doth  augment  and^'  increase  the  reverence  and  the^" 

'A  B  C  Delete  "  And  held.''  *A  B  C  Among.  »A  B  C 
Delete,  D  Restores.  "ABC  Great,  D  The  greatest. 
'A  B  C  Yea,  and  almost  all  the  ceremonies  that  are  in  use. 
*  A  B  C  Delete  "  are— kept."  -'ABC  Saving.  i"  A  B 
With  the  songs  in  Latin,  C  With  the  things  sung  in  Latin. 
"  A  B  We  mingle  certain  Psalms  in  Dutch  here  and  there, 
C  We  mingle  certain  things  sung  in  German  at  various 
parts  of  the  service.  '-'  C  D  Are.  ''A  B  C  For  the  peo- 
ple's instruction.  '*  A  B  C  Add  "  Therefore."  ^'^  A  B  C 
Alone  we  have  need  of  ceremonies.  ^''  A  B  C  That  they 
may  teach  the  unlearned  C  Deletes  the  rest  of  sentence. 
See  below  21.  '"  A  B  And  that  the  preaching  of  God's 

word.  1"  A  B  Delete.  ''-'  A  B  Unto.  ™  A  B  Trust. 
^'A  B  "  Invocation  of  God."  All  that  follows  "  unlearned  " 
is  from  a  later  text.  Ed.  2.  (8vo.  1531)  :  "  Et  qiiosdam  ex- 
citet  t'ere  ad  tiuwrem  aiit  fidem  ac  orationeiii  tractaiio  verbi 
Dei."'  --'  ABC  This  is  not  only  commanded  by  St.  Paul. 
''■'  ABC  Delete  i.  t.  c.  -*  A  B  Which.  ^^  A  B  C  De- 
lete d.  p.  a.  '"D  Understands,  B  C  Add,  i  Cor.  xiv.  9.  [D 
2.]  -'ABC  But  man's  law  hath  also  appointed  it.  --  A 
B  We  use  [C  We  accustom,]  ABC  The  people  to  re- 
ceive, D  The  people  is  accustomed.  -'^A  B  C  If  so  be  any  be 
found  fit  thereunto.  D  As  many  as  are  found  fit.  ^"  A  B 
C  Is  a  thing  that,  D  This  also  increases.  '^'  A  B  C  De- 
lete a.  a.     ^"  A  B  C  Delete. 


THE  AUG  SB  IRC   COSFESSIO.W  57 

religion'^  of  public ^^  ceremonies;  for  none  be*'" 
admitted  and  allowed  to  receive  the  sacrament,^ 
but  such  as  be  examined  before.'"  They  be  also 
admonished  and  warned^""  of  the  dignity^''  and  use 
of  the^"  sacrament,  how  great  comfort  it  bringeth 
to  fearful  and  trembling^'  consciences,  to  the  in- 
tent^- that  they  may  learn  to  believe  and  give  cre- 
dence to^'  God,  and  to  ask  all  thing  that  good  is 
of  God/*  This  honor  delighteth  '"'  God  ;  such  ^*"'  use 
of  the  sacrament  doth  nourish  love  and  reverence" 
towards  God  ;  therefore  it  appeareth  ^"  not  that  the 
Mass  be  done  more  religiously  with*''  our  adversa- 
ries than  with  us.  It  is  undoubtedly  and  evidently 
known  also '"  that  this  hath  been  a  common  and  a 
\ery  grievous  complaint  of  all  good  men  a  long 
time  season.'"'  that  the'-  Masses  have  been  shame- 
fully abused  and  applied  to  lucre,'''  and  every  man 
seeth  how  wide''*  this  abuse  doth  appear^'  in  alP''" 
temples,^'  and  of  what"  manner  of  men,  Masses  be 
sung -'"and  said  ^•' alonely '"'for  reward"'  or  stipend,^' 

"ABC  Due  estimation,  D  Devotion.  '^A  B  C  Of  the, 
D  At  the.  'A  B  C  Are.  "A  B  C  Delete  "  And— sacra- 
ment." •'  C  E.xcept  they  be  first  proved.  So  also  AB  which 
add  "And  tried."  "A  B  Besides  we  use  to  put  men  in  mind, 
B  Besides  we  put  men  in  mind.  ''A  B  C  Worthiness.  D 
Worth.  ^'A  BA.  "ABC  Delete  "And  trembling,"  D  Ter- 
rified. '-ABC  Delete.  'ABC  Delete  "And— to."  "ABC 
Look  for  and  crave  fD  Ask  j  all  .LTood  things  at  his  hands. 
'ABC  Worship  doth  please.  "ABC  Such  an,  D  Such  a. 
'■  Instead  of  "  Love  and  reverence,"  ABC  read  "  Piety." 
"ABC  Seemeth,  D  Does  not  appear.  ''ABC  Masses 
be  D  The  .Mass  isj  more  religiously  celebrated  among. 
■"ABC  But  it  is  evident.  '  ABC  Of  long  [D  For  a] 
time,  this  hath  been  the  public  and  most  grievous  com- 
plaint of  all  good  men.  -' ABC  Delete  "The."  ''ABC 
Are  basely  profaned,  being  used  for  gain,  D  The  .Mass  is. 
"'  AB  C  It  is  not  unknown  how  far.  "  ABC  Hath  spread 
itself.  '  D  The.  -ABC  Churches.  "ABC  Delete. 
■"-ABC  Delete,  D  Celebrated.  ''ABC  Delete  a.  s. 
'■■"ABC  Only.  '■' ABC  A  reward.  '- A  B  C  Wages. 
5 


58  THE   AUGSBURG   CONFESSION. 

how  many  against  the  inhibition  of  the  canons  do 
celebrate.''^  But  Paul  grievously  threatens  ''*  them 
which  entreat*'^  and  receive''''  the  sacrament"' un- 
worthily when  he  saith : ''^  "Who"''  eateth""  this 
bread,  or  drinketh  '^  the "'  cup  of  the  Lord  un- 
worthily shall  be  guilty  of  the  body  and  blood  of 
the  Lord."  ^^  Therefore  when  priests  were  mon- 
ished  with  us"  of  that"  sin,  private  Masses  ceased 
with"''  us,  because  almost '^'^  no  private  Masses  were 
done*"^  but  for  lucre  and  advantage/^  And  the 
bishops  did  know^"  of  these  abuses  well  enough, 
which,^^  if  they  had  corrected^-  them,^^  there  should 
have  been  now^Mess  dissension  ^^  than  there  is.^" 
Before,  by  reason  of^''  their  dissimulation"^^  and 
nothing  willing  to  hear  and  see  what  w^as  amiss,*^ 
they  suffered  many  vices  to  escape*  into  the 
Church.  Now  they  begin  overlate^^  to  complain 
of  the  calamities  and  miseries^"  of  the  Church, 
whereas  indeed  all"^  this  business  and  tusseling^^ 
took  occasion  of  none  other  thing ^^  than  of  those'"' 

*^  A  B  C  Do  use  them  against  the  prohibition  of  the  canons, 
D  Celebrate  them.  '^*  A  B  C  Doth  grievously  threaten, 
D  Severely  threaten.  ^■'  A  B  Those  which  handle,  C  Those 
who  treat.  ""  ABC  Delete  a.  r.  '^'  AB  Lord's  Supper. 
««ABC  Saying.  '^"ABC  He  that.  '"  A  B  Shall  eat. 
"AB  Drink.  "-'C  This.  '^^  B  C  Add  i  Cor.  ii  :  27. 
'*  C  The  priests  among  us  were  admonished,  A  B  We  ad- 
monished the  priests.  '■'  ABC  This.  '•'  ABC  Were 
laid  aside  among.  "ABC  Seeing  that,  for  the  most  part, 
there  were.  '"ABC  Delete  w.  d.  "'■'  ABC  Only  for 
lucre's  sake.  "'■  ABC  Neither  were  the  bishops  ignorant. 
81  A  B  Who,  C  And.  «  ABC  Amended.  "^'  ABC  Add 
"  In  time."  "*  A  B  C  Had  now  been.  ""'  AB  C  Of  dis- 
sensions. «''ABC  Delete  t.  1. 1.  «"ABC  Heretofore  by. 
««  ABC  Dissembling.  «'■'ABC  Delete  "  And  nothing 
— amiss.''  '*"  ABC  Suffered  much  corruption  to  creep. 

*i  A  B  C  Though  it  be  late.  ■'-  ABC  Delete  a.  m.  '«  A 
B  C  Seeing  that.  ^  Instead  of  "  Bus. — tusseling,"  A  B 

read,  "  Hurly-burly,"  C  "Tumult."  "'ABC  Was  raised 
up  by  no  other  man.     "''A  B  C  By  those. 


THE  AUGSBURG  CO  XF ESS  I  OX.  59 

abuses,  which  were  so  manifest'^  that  they  could  be 
suffered'"'  no  longer.  There  be  now  great*'  dissen- 
sions risen,  as'""  touching'""  the  Mass  and  "'■  the 
sacrament.  And  peradventure  '"'  the  world  is  pun- 
ished for  a  long""  profaning  and  abusing'"'  of 
Masses  which  these  bishops  have  suffered  so  many- 
hundred  )-ears  in  the  churches,  and  yet  both  might 
and  also  ought  to  have  amended  them  ; ""'  for  it  is 
written  in  the  Book  of  the  Ten  Commandments  of 
God,  called  the  Decalogue,'""  that'*'*  he  that 
abuseth  '"'■*  the  name  of  God  ""  shall  not  be  unpun- 
ished.'" But  since  the  world  began,  nothing  that 
ever  God  ordained  hath  been  so  abused  and  turned 
to  filthy  lucre,  as  it  appeareth  that  the  Mass  hath 
been."-  There  was  added  and  put  to  "'*  an  opinion 
which  increaseth  "*  private  masses  above  measure,"'^ 
that  is  to  say,"-  that  Christ,  with  "'  his  passion,  did 
satisfy"'^  and  make  amends  ""*  for  original  sin,  and 
did  institute  and  ordain  "'•'  the  '-"  Mass,  that  in  it '-' 
should  be  made '"  an  oblation  for  quotidian  and  ''^ 

'•''ABC  Evident.  '"ABC  Transfer  "  Be  suftered  "  to 
close  of  sentence,  reading  "  Be  tolerated."  ''A  B  C  Were 
many.  ""ABC  Delete  r.  a.  ""A  B  C  Concerning.  '""A 
B  C  Concerning.  '"■  C  Perhaps.  "'*A  B  C  So  long  a.  '"'A 
B  C   Delete  a.  a.  ""'  ABC  They,  who  both  could  and 

ought  to  have  amended  it,  have  so  many  years  tolerated  in, 
A  B  Their  churches,  C  The  churches.  '  '""  Instead  of  all 
after  "for,"  ABC  ''In  the  Ten  Commandments,  it  is 
written.''  ""ABC  Delete.  "''ABC  Taketh  in  vain.  '"' 
ABC  Lord.  '"ABC  Held  guiltless,  B  C  Add  Ex.  xx. 
7-  ^'-  ABC  And  from  the  beginning  of  the  world,  there 
neither  was,  nor  is  any  divine  thing,  which  AB  Might 
seem  so  to  be  employed  to  gain  as  is  the  Mass,  C  Seems  so  to 
have  been  employed  for  gain,  as  the  Mass,  D  Seems  to  have 
been  so  much  emploved.  "'ABC  Delete  a.  p.  t.  "'AB 
Did  increase.  "AB'C  Infinitely.  "'ABC  To  wit.  "'A  B 
C  By.  ""'^D  Had  satisfied  for.'  ""ABC  Delete  a.  m.  a. 
"'ABC  Instead  of  i.  a.  c,  read  "Appointed."  "-"' A  B 
Delete.  '-'ABC  Wherein.  '-'  ABC  Transfer  "  should 
be  made"  to  after  "oblation."  D  For  "oblation"  reads 
"  offering.''      "'■  ABC   Delete  "  quotidian  and." 


60  THE  AUGSBURG   CONFESSION. 

daily  sins,  both  mortal  and  venial.  Of  this/^^  did 
spring  forth  ^'^  a  common  opinion  that  the  ^^^  Mass 
is  a  work  that  taketh  away  the  sins  of  the  quick 
and  the  dead,  by  virtue  of  the  work  wrought/^ 
Then  they  ^'^  began  to  dispute  whether  one  Mass 
said  for  many,  were  as  much  worth  '"^  as  if  for  every 
man  were  said  a  several  Mass.'^*^  This  disputation 
brought  '^^  forth  and  caused  ''^'  this  ^^*  infinite  multi- 
tude of  Masses.  Of '^^  these  opinions,  our  preachers 
and  learned  men  '^^  gave  warning  '^"  that  they  did 
vary  and  dissent  ^^"  from  Holy  Scripture/^  and 
did'^^  hurt""  and'^i  diminish '^^  the  glory  of  the 
Passion  of  Christ.  For  the  Passion  of  Christ  was 
an  oblation  and  a  "'^  satisfaction,  not  only  for  the  sin 
of  birth  (called  "^  Original  Sin),  but  also  for  all 
other  sins,  as  it  is  written  '^"^  to  the  Hebrews :  "^ 
"  We  are  sanctified  by  the  oblation  of  Jesus  Christ, 
once  for  ever.""''  Also:  "He  made  perfect  the 
sanctified  without  oblation  for  ever."  "*  Also  "^ 
the  Scripture  teacheth  us  to  be^*^  justified  before 
God  by  ''"^^  faith  in  Christ,  when  we  believe  that  our 

''*ABC  Hereupon.  '-'ABC  Transfer  to  after  "opinion," 
and  read  "  was  received.''  '-"A  B  Delete.  '-'ABC  ''And 
that  for  the  [D  Mere]  doing  of  the  work.''  '-'-A  B  C  Here 
men.  '-'A  B  C  Of  as  great  force.  '  "A  B  C  Particular  masses 
said  for  particular  men.  '  ■'  ABC  Hath  brought.  "-  A 
B  C  Delete  a.  c.  '•«  A  B  An,  C  That.  '"  ABC  Con- 
cerning, C  Transfers  the  clause  to  after  "warning.''  ''^  A 
B  C  Delete  a.  1.  m.  '■■''  ABC  Have  admonished,  AB 

Add    "us.''  '■'■'A  B    Do    disagree,    C    Do   depart. 

'=^«  ABC    The    Holy    Scriptures.  '■■'  ABC     Do. 

1«  C  Deletes.  '"ABC    Delete.  '<-  A  B    Delete. 

^'■''  ABC    Delete.  "*  ABC    Delete   "  For— called." 

"'ABC  Add  "  In  the  Epistle."  ""  C  Adds  lo:  lo.  '^"  A 
B  C  Made.  '^"  A  B  C  By  one  oblation  he  hath,  A  B  Made 
perfect,  C  Perfected,  ABC  Forever,  AB  Those,  C  Them. 
ABC  That  are  sanctified,  C  Adds  "  Heb.  lo:  14,"  B 
Heb.  10:  10,  14.  '*"  C  Transfers  to  after  "Scripture." 
''"  ABC  That  we  are.      ^^'  A  B  C  Through. 


THE  AUGSBURG  COXFESSIOX.  rtl 

sins  be ' '-  forgiven  for  Christ's  sake.  Now  if  the 
Mass  doth  '^'  take  away  the  sins  of  the  quick  and 
of''*  the  dead,  even  of  the  own  proper  virtue,'*"' 
then  justification  doth  chance  and  come'"*  of  the 
work  of  Masses,  and  not  of'^'  faith;  which  thing'*** 
Scripture  doth  not  ''■'  suffer,"""  but  Christ  command- 
eth  ""''  to  do  it  in  remembrance  of  Him.""'-  Where- 
fore"^'* the  Mass  was"''  instituted  to  the  intent"''' 
that  faith  "'•''"'  in  them  that""''  use  the  sacrament 
should  "*"  remember  what  benefits  it  taketh  "''  by 
Christ,  and  so  should  '"'-^  raise  by.'""  and  comfort 
the'"'  trembling'"'"  and'""  fearful  consciences.'" 
For  to  remember  Christ,  is  to  remember  the  bene- 
fits of  Christ,''*  and  to  feel,'"'  perceive  and  think  '^^ 
that  truly  and  in  very  deed,  they  be '"  exhibited  '^^ 
and  given  '"^  to  ''*'^  us.  Neither  ''^'  is  it  enough  '■*■  to 
remember'*^  the  history;  for  this  may  also  Jews'*' 
and  wicked  '^  men  remember.'"*"  Wherefore  '-''  the 
Mass  is  to  be  done  '*'  for  this  intent,"^  that  '*'  the 

'^- A.  B  C  Are.  '"A  B  C  Do.  '^'A  B  C  Delete.  '"A  B  C  For 
the  work's  sake  that  is  done,  D  By  the  mere  doing  of  the. 
work.  ^'*  ABC  For  ''  Chance  and  come  of,"  read  "  Com- 
eth by."  '"^"  ABC  By.  ''^^  ABC  Delete.  ''"  ABC 
Cannot.  '-'AB  Away  withal,  C  Endure.  ""''ABC  Add 
"Us."  "'-ABC  Himself,  BC  Add  Luke  xxii:  19.  "''A 
BC  Therefore.  "'*  A  B  Is.  C  Has  been.  '^^>  ABC  De- 
lete. ""'D  The  faith.  "-'ABC  Which,  D  Those  who. 
"•'  ABC  Mav.  D  Mav  be  reminded.  "'■  ABC  Receiv- 
eth.  "•■••'  ABC  That  it  mav.  '""  ABC  Delete.  '"'  A  B 
A.  •■'■■'  D  Alarmed.  '"-ABC  Delete  t.  a.  '"ABO 
Conscience.  '"'ABC  This  is  to  remember  Christ,  to  wit, 
to  remember  his  benefits.  '"'  ABC  -Add  "  And."  '"*'  A 
BC  Delete.  '""Instead  of  '' Truly— be,"  ABC  "That 
they  be  [D  Are  I  indeed."  '""  C  Imparted.  '""  A  B  C  De- 
lete. '^' ABC  Unto.  '"  C  Nor.  >--' A  B  C  Sufficient. 
"•■'ABC  Call  to  mind.  '"'ABC  Because  [D  For]  that 
the  Jews  also.  '"'  ABC  The  wicked.  '■'ABO  Can  do, 
AB  Add  "This.  '""ABC  Therefore.  '"  ABC  Must 
be  used.       '"'  A B  C  To  this  end.       '*'  ABC  That  there. 


62  THE  AUGSBURG   CONFESSION. 

sacrament  may  be  reached  forth '^'^^  and  minis- 
tered ^^^  to  ^®^  those  "^  that  have  need  of  comfort,  as 
Ambrose  saith  :  Quia  semper  pecco,  semper  debeo 
accipere  niedicinam.  That  is,  to  say  :  ^^^  "  Because 
I  ^^^  always  sin,  I  ought  always  to  take  ^'*  medi- 
cine."^'''' Now  forasmuch  as  ^''^  the  Mass  is  such  a 
communication  ™  of  the  sacrament,  one  common 
Mass  is  kept  with  us"--  every  holy  day,'"^  and 
also^**^  other  days,  if  any  desire  to""'^  use  the  sacra- 
ment, it  -'^*  is  given  ^^'  to  them  that  asketh  -^"  it.  And 
this  manner  is  not  new  in  -"'  the  church.  For  the 
old  -'^^  Fathers  -"^  before  Gregory  -^-  speaketh  nothing 
of  the-^^  Private  Mass,  but  of  the  Common  Mass 
they  speak  very^^-  much.  Chrysostom  saith  that 
the  priest  standeth  daily  -''^  at  the  altar,  and  some 
he  doth  call  to  the  receiving  of  the  sacrament  at 
communion,"'*  and  some  he  doth  keep  away.-'^ 
And  it  appeareth  by  the  old  canons,"*''  that  some 
one  priest"*'  did  celebrate  the  Mass,  and  of  hini"*'^ 
alP*^the^"°  other  priests"*  and  deacons  received"^ 

i90a  J)  Given  to.  ''"A  B  C  Delete  "  Forth— ministered." 
"^ABC  Unto.  '"'ABC  Them.  '"^  A  B  C  Delete 
"  ^/«Vz— say."  is^  ABC  I  do.  '•^"' A  B  C  Receive.  ""A 
B  A  medicine,  C  The  medicine.  '''"  ABC  And  seeing 
that.  '^^  A  B  C  Communion,  D  Restores  "  Communica- 
tion." -*'  ABC  We  do  observe  one  common  Mass.  -'"  A 
Hohday.  ^'«^  ABC  On.  -"«  ABC  Will.  '*'^  A  B  When 
it,  C  At  which  times  it.  -"^'  ABC  Offered.  -»«  B  C  Which 
desire,  A  Which  desired,  C  That  desire,  D  Those  who  de- 
sire. -"'  ABC  Neither  is  this  custom  newly  brought  into. 
2°^  A B  Ancient,  C  Ancients.  -»'■' C  Deletes.  '^"'ABC 
Gregory's  time.  -'''ABC  Make  no  mention  of  any. 
''■-ABC  Delete.  ■'■■' AB  Did  daily  stand,  C  Doth  daily 
stand,  D  Stands  daily.  -'*  ABC  And  call  some  unto  the 
communion.  '-'^  AB  C  And  put  back  others.  '"'ABC 
And  by  the  ancient  canons  it  is  evident.  -''  ABC  Delete. 
^"^ABC  Of  whom.  -'«ABC  Delete.  --^AB  Delete. 
^21  B  Elders.    -^  AB  C  Did  receive. 


THE   ACCSIii'RG   COXFESSIO.W  ({3 

the  body  of  the  Lord;  for  so  sound  the  words  of 
the  canon  of  Xicene"'  which  be  these: 

Aicipiant  diaconi  sccnminui  ordincui  post  prcsby- 
tcros,  ab  cpiscopo  vel  a  prcsbytero,  sacrain  connnii- 
nioncui. 

That  is  to  say,"^  "  Let  Deacons  orderly,-''  after 
tlie  priests,"-  receive  the  Holy  Sacrament  or""^ 
Communion,  of  the""'  bishop  or  of  the  priest."""^ 
And  Paul,  speaking  of'*"  the  communion,  com- 
mandeth  that  one  should'*'  tarry  for  another,  that 
there  may  be  made'"  a  common  participation. 

Forasmuch,  then,  as'*^  the  Mass'*^  with''^''  us 
hath  for  itself"^  the  example  of  the  Church, 
taken'^'  out  of  Scripture'**  and  of-''^  Fathers:  we 
trust-"^  it-^'  cannot  be  improved,-^-  namely,-'*  since-*' 
the  common  and-''  public  ceremonies  for  the  most 
part""'  are  kept,-'"  like  to*'*  the  usual  and  accus- 
tomed"*'' ceremonies,  only  the  number  of  Masses  is 
unlike,'"  which,  for  great'''  and  manifest  abuses,  it 
were  profitable,  at  the  least  way,-'-  to  moderate.-'^* 
For  in  times  passed,''^  Mass  was  not   done  every 

-'-'ABC  The  words  of  the  Nicene  Canon  do  sound  [D 
ReadL  -'ABC  Delete  from  "Nicene."  '-'^ABC  Let  the 
deacons  in  their  order.  --"BC  Elders.  -'-'A B  C  Delete  "  Sa- 
crament or.'  --"ABC  A.  --'A  A  priest,  BC  .An  elder. 
-■"ABC  Instead  of  "  Speaking  of,"  read  "Concerning.'' 
-'"  ABC  Delete,  BC  Add  i  Cor.  xi.  23  - -'  ABC  Delete. 
-'ABC  Seeing,  therefore,  that.  -  A  B  Transfer  "  the  Mass'' 
to  after  "  us.''  -''  A  .Among,  B  C  Amongst.  ' 'AB  C  De- 
lete '•  For  itself."'  -  "  ABC  Delete.  -■'  ABC  The  Scrip- 
ture. -''ABC  The.  -"'AB  Hope  -'ABC  That  it. 
-'*'AB  Disliked.  C  Disapproved.  -''ABC  Especially. 
-"  A  B  For  that.  -''  Instead  of  "  The— and,"  ABC  read 
"Our."  -'"' A  B  C  Transpose  "For — part"  with  "Are 
kept."  B  C  Delete.  -^"  A  B  Add  "  Of  us.  "  ^'~  A  B  Alike 
unto,  C  Like  unto.  '''  ABC  Delete  "  .And  accustomed." 
-'"'  ABC  Not  alike.  -  '  ABC  The  which  by  reason  of 
very  great.  -''ABC  It  were  certainly  far  better.  -'"'ABC 
Be  moderated.       - "  ABC   Past   also. 


64  THE  AUGSBURG   CONFESSION. 

day,  no,  not  in  great  congregations,  and  where 
much  people  assembled  together,-*'  as  the  History- 
Tripartite -^''  doth  witness,  in  the  ix  Book,  the 
xxxviii  chapter,  in  this  wise:^''  "  Again^**  in  Alex- 
andria, Scriptures  be  read  upon  the  Wednesday 
and  the  Friday ,-'*'  and  doctors ^*^"  do  expound^' 
them,  and  all  things^"'  are  done""^  without"''*  the 
solemn  manner*'"  of  the  oblation."-'"' 

4.  Of  Confession. 

Confession  in  the  churches  with  us  is  not  done 
away.^  For  the  body  of  the  Lord  is  not  wont  to 
be  delivered  to  any,  but  only-  to  those  that  be 
examined  and  absolved  before;^  and  the  people 
be  very  diligently  taught  of*  the*^  faith  and  as- 
surance of'*  absolution,  of'  which  before  this  time 
was  little  mention  or  speaking.''  The  people  be'^ 
taught  to  have  the  absolution  iii  great  price,  be- 


-'^■'A  B  C  In  the  churches  whereunto  was  greatest  resort, 
it  was  not  the  use  to  have  Mass  said  every  day.  -'''A  B  C 
Trip.  Hist.;  transfer  ''  Lib.  ix.  cap.  38."  ■''^' A  B  C  Delete  i. 
t.  w.  -5^' A  Adds  "  Saith  he,"  B  C  "  Saith  it."  -''''ABC 
"Every  fourth  and  sixth  day  of  the  week  the  Scriptures  are 
read."  '-"''A  B  C  The  teachers.  "'''A  B  C  Interpret.  -•'-A  B 
C  Other  things.  ^'''A  B  C  Done  also.  -''^A  B  C  Except 
only.  ^"^  C  Instead  of  "  sol.  manner,''  read  "Celebration.'' 
-•^"A  Of  oblation  or  offering,  B  Of  oblation,  C  Of  the 
Eucharist. 

^  C  "Is  not  abolished  in  our  churches,"  [D  "  In  the 
churches  among  us  "]  AB  Give  only  the  Variata  form  of 
this  article.  Where  \'ar.  follows  text  of  1530-31,  we  insert 
the  departures  of  A  B  from  Taverner.  -  C  "  It  is  not 
usual  to  communicate  the  body  of  the  Lord  except."'  ^  C 
"  Who  have  been  previously  examined  and  absolved.'' 
*  C  "  Are  taught  most  carefully  concerning."  *^B  Deletes. 
^  C  Instead  of  "  And — of,"  reads  "required  to,"  B  Simply 
"  Faith  in  absolution."         '' C  About.  "C  Before  these 

times,  there  has  been  a  deep  silence.       -  C  Men  are. 


THE  AUGSBURG   CO  XF ESS  I  OX.  65 

cause'-'  it  is  the  voice  of  God,'"  and  pronounced 
by  the  commandment  of  God."  The  power  of  the 
keys  is  greatly  made  of,  by  showing'-  liow  great 
comfort '•''  it  bringeth'^"  to  troubled"  consciences, 
and  that  God  requireth''  faith,  to  the  end  we  should 
give  credence  to"'  that'"'  absolution,  as  to''  a  voice 
sounding  from  Heaven,  and  that  faith'"'  in  Christ 
getteth  truly  and  receivcth '''  remission  of  sins. 
Before  we  did  this,-"  satisfactions  were  overmuch 
set  by  and  magnified,-'  but"'"  no  speaking  there 
was  of  faith  and  of  the  merit  of  Christ  and  of  right- 
eousness of  faith."  Wherefore,  in  this  behalf,''  our 
churches  be  not"'  to  be  blamed.  For"'  our  adver- 
saries be-'"  also-"^  compelled  to  grant  this"^  to  us, 
that  the  doctrine  of  penance-'  is  entreated  to  be 
handled  and  opened  of  our  learned  men  most  dili- 
gently.*" 

But  of  confession  they  "  teach,  that  the  rehearsal 
and  numbering  '-  of  sins  is  not  necessary,  and  that 
consciences  be  not  to  be  charged  with  care  to  num- 
ber and  reckon  up  all  defaults,  for  "  it  is  impossible 
to  rehearse^*  all  defaults,"  as  the  Prophet"'  record- 

'^  C  That  they  should  highly  regard  abso'iition,  inasmuch 
as.  "'C  God's  voice.  "  C  God's  command.  '-C  Is  honored, 
and  mention  is  made.  "  C  Consolation.  '•■^  C  Brings.  " 
C  Terrified.  ' '  C  Requires.  "'  C  That  we  believe.  D  Re- 
stores "  should."  "■■'  D  This.  '"  C  Deletes.  '■  C  This 
faith.  '■'  C  Truly  obtains  and  receives.  -"'  C  Aforetime. 
-''  C  Immoderately  extolled.  -'■'  C  Deletes.  D  Restores.  ■'■ 
C  Of  faith,  and  the  merit  of  Christ,  and  justification  by 
faith,  no  mention  was  made.  -'  C  On  this  point.  ■'  C  Are 
by  no  means.  -'  C  For  this  even.  -'"  C  Are.  ■'  C  De- 
letes. -■■  C  To  concede  in  regard.  -''  C  Repentance.  •'"  C 
Is  most  diligently  treated  and  laid  open  by  us.  ■"  C  Our 
churches.  '-'  C  Instead  of  r.  a.  n.,  reads.  "  enumeration." 
■''  C  Nor  are  consciences  to  be  burdened  with  the  care  of 
enumerating  all  sins,  inasmuch  as.  '  C  Recount,  A  B  The 
rehearsing  of  all  one's  sins,  is  a  thing  impossible.  ''  C  Sins. 
'■  A  B  .According  to  that  in  the  Psalm,  C  As  the  Psalm. 
B  Adds  (19:   12).     C  (19:  31),  C  D  (19:   13). 


66  THE  AUGSBURG   CONFESSION. 

eth/''  saying  :  "  Who  understandeth  all  defaults  or 
sins."'"'*  Jeremiah  also  saith:'^^  Pravwn  est  cor 
Jwminis  et  inscriitabile*'-  "  The  heart  of  man  *^  is 
froward  and  cannot  be  searched.'"  *'  That  ^^  if  no 
sins  should  be^  forgiven,  but  those  that  be  re- 
hearsed/" consciences  could  never  be  quieted  ;  *'  for 
many  ^^"  sins,  they ^"^  neither  espy/^  nor  can'"  remem- 
ber/'^ Also  old  writers'^  do'^  witness'*  that  the 
numbering*'  is  not  necessary/"  Chrysostom  is  re- 
hearsed, which'"  saith  thus:  NoJt  tibi  dico  ut  te 
prodas  in  publicum,  neque  apud  alios  te  accuses,  sed 
obedire  te  volo  prophetce  diccnti ;  Revela  ante  deuvi 
viam  tuam.  Ergo  tua  coiifitcre  peccata  ap2id  deiini 
verum  judicej?t  cum  oratione.  Delicta  tua  pronuucia 
non  lingua,  sed  conscienticB  tuce  memoria,  q.X.z:'^  "  I 
say  not  to '"  thee,  that  thou  show  thyself  openly,*"" 
nor-^  that  thou "-  accuse  thyself  to  other.-'^  But  I 
will   that   thou   obey  the   prophet   saying:*'*   'Dis- 

■"  C  Testifies,  AB  Delete.  '"A  B  Can  understand  his  faults. 
•'«  B  C  Add  (xvii.  9).  «A  B  C  Delete  Latin.  '^  C  Deletes 
"of  man.''  '-'AB  "  Corrupt  and  unsearchable,"  C  "De- 
ceitful above  all  things  and  desperately  wicked.''  ^'^  A  B 
C  But.  *^  A  B  Could  be,  C  Were.  ''  A  B  But  such  as 
were  reckoned  up,  C  except  what,  [D  Those  that]  were 
recounted.  ^"  A  B  At  rest,  C  Find  peace.  ^'  C  Because 
very  many.  *"  C  They  can,  C  D  Delete  "  can,"  which 
is  also  reading  of  A  B  ^'^  A  B  C  See.  ^"  ABC  Delete. 
■''  A  B  Call  to  mind.  ^-  A  B  C  The  ancient  writers  also. 
^■' C  Deletes.  ^*  A  B  C  Testify.  ^^  ^B  "  This  counting 
of  sins  by  tale."  C  The  enumeration.  ^'''  A  B  Is  a  thing 
needless.  "  C  For  in  the  Decrees,  Chrysostom  is  cited, 
who.  AB  (Var.)  have  a  dissimilar  reading.  ^-  A  B  C 
Delete  Latin.  ^»  A  C  Do  not  bid,  C  Do  not  say  to.  ""  A 
B^To  betray  thyself  openly,  C  That  thou  shouldst  discover 
thyself  in  public.  •"  C  Or.  •'-'  A  B  Delete  t.  t.,  C  Substi- 
tutes "to."  '■' '  C  Before  others,  A  B  id  supra.  '^  A  B  To 
follow  the  saying  of  the  prophet,  C  I  would  have  thee  obey 
t.  p.,  when  he  says. 


THE   ALGSHl'RG   COXFESSIOX.  67 

close'"''  thy  way*"  before"'  God.' ""  Wherefore'*'-'  con- 
fess thy  sins  to'"  God,  the  true  Judge,  with  prayer, 
and''  pronounce  thine  offences,"-  not  with  thy" 
tongue,  but  with  memory'*  of  thy  conscience,"  etc. 
And  the  gloss  "Of"*  Penance,""''  Distinc.  5.  Cap. 
Considtrct,  doth  confess'"  that  confession  is  of  man's 
law,"  but  yet"-  confession,"'  both""  for  the ''  great 
benefit --  of  Absolution,  and  also^'  for  other  utilities 
and  profits  of"'  conscience,  is  retained  and  kept 
still  -"'  amoncr  us. 


It  was  '  a  common-  persuasion/^  not  only  of  the 
vulgar  people,*  but  also  of  the''  teachers  in  the 
churches,  that  diversities'*  of  meats  and  like  tradi- 
tions of  men  be  profitable  works  to  deserve'  remis- 
sion of  sin  and  of  pain."  And  that  the  world  did 
so  think,"  it  appeareth  by  that,'"  that "  new  cere- 

'•^AB  Lav  open,  C  Reveal,  D  Commit.  '^' A  B  Ways. 
•■■  C  Unto.  '""ABC  The  Lord.  "^  C  "Therefore"  fol- 
lowed bv  "  with  prayer,''  transposed  from  below.  "' A  B  C 
Before.  '"'ABC  Delete.  "-  C  Errors.  "'  C  The.  "'  C  The 
memory,  AB  paraphrase  thus  :  "  Not  remembering  them 
with  the  tongue,  but  with  the  conscience."  "'A  B  Touch- 
ing. "^  C  Repentance.  ""AB  Cranteth,  C  Admits.  "C 
Human  right  only,  A  Bhave  ditl'erent  reading.  ""  C  Never- 
theless. '•*  C  Transfers  to  before  "  Is  retained."  ""  C  De- 
letes. "'  C  On  account  of  the  very.  "-'  C  Benefits.  "'  C  As 
well  as.     ■'  C  L'ses  to  the.     ''  C  Deletes  "  and — still.'' 

'  AB  C  Hath  been.  -'BC  General.  'ABC  Opinion. 
*  AB  Of  the  common  sort  alone.  C  "f  the  people  alone. 
*ABC  Such  as  are.  "ABC  The  dift'erences,  D  The 
distinction.  "ABC  Such  like  human  traditions  are  works 
available  to  merit  grace,  and  are  iD  To  make]  satisfactions 
[D  Satisfaction]  for  sins.  ~  AB  Remission  both  of  the 
fault  and  of  the  punishment,  C  Grace  and  are  satisfactions 
for  sins.  ■  Taverner,  and  AB  follow  Ed.  2  (8vo.  1531), 
while  C  follows  Ed.  Priuceps.  'ABC  Thus  thought. 
'"ABC  Is  apparent  by  this.  ''  ABC  Transfer  "  Daily," 
to  after  "  That." 


68  THE   AUGSBURG   CONFESSION. 

monies,  new  orders,  new  holy  days,  and  new  fast- 
ings ^^  were  daily  instituted,''^  and  teachers  '^  in 
temples^' did  exact  and  require"' these  works '"  as 
a  necessary  honor  to  the  obtaining  of-  righteous- 
ness,^^ and  they  greatly  did  -"  put  in  fear  the  con- 
sciences, if  they  should  omit  and  leave  undone  any 
of  these  things.-'  Of  this  persuasion  of"^  traditions 
many  mischiefs  and  inconveniences"^  ensued"^  in 
the  church.  First  of  all,-'  the  doctrine  of  grace  and 
the  righteousness  of  faith  ^''  was-''  obscured  and  de- 
faced,-"*  which  is  the  chief-'  part  of  the  Gospel,  and 
ought ^"  most  of  all  to  stand  forth"*'  and  to  appear'*^ 
in  the  church,  to  the  intent'^*  that  the  merit  of 
Christ  might  ^*  be  well  known,  and  that^'  faith 
which  believeth  that  sins  be  forgiven  ^"  for  Christ,'*^ 
and  not  for  any  of  our  works.*"*  might  be  advanced 
and  set  up*'^  far  above  works.  Wherefore  Paul 
also  *^  leaneth  greatly  to  *'  this  part,^-  and  removeth 
and  putteth  away  **  the  Law  and  traditions  of  men,^ 

'-  A  B  C  Fasts.  '^  A  B  C  Appointed.  '*  A  B 
C  The  teachers.  ^^  AB  C  The  churches.  '«ABC  De- 
lete "  And  require."  ''  A  B  Add  "  At  the  people's  hands." 
'"ABC  Service  necessary  to  deserve  [D  Merit].  '"  AB 
Justification,  C  Grace.  As  in  Note  8,  Taverner,  and  A  B 
follow  Ed.  2.  ■-'"  ABC  Transpose  g.  and  d.  -'ABC  Men's 
consciences  if  aught  were  omitted.  '"  ABC  Concerning. 
'^'  Instead  of  m.  a.  i.,  AB  read  "  Discommodities,"  C  Dis- 
advantages. '^  A  B  C  Have  followed.  ■'■^  ABC  For  first. 
-•*  A  B  C  Transfer  to  just  before  "Which  is,"  reading, 
"  And  also  the  r.  o.  f"  "ABC  Is.  ''«ABC  "  By  it." 
delete  a.  d.  -"AB  Most  especial,  C  Principal.  ^"ABC 
Which  it  behoveth.  ■"  A  Be  extant.  •'-  ABC  Have  the 
pre-eminence.  ''  ABC  Delete  "  To  the  intent."  '^  A  B  C 
Ma.y.  '''ABC  Delete.  •'"ABC  Are  remitted  [D  Are 
forgiven].  ■"  A  B  Through  Christ,  C  For  Christ's  sake. 
^-  A  B  C  Delete  the  entire  clause.  -^"  A  B  C  May  be  ex- 
alted. «ABC  For  which  cause  also  [A  St.]  Paul.  *'  A 
B  Laboreth  much,  C  Lays  much  stress,  B  C  On,  A  In. 
*'  A  B  C  Point.  *'  AB  C  Instead  of  "  And— away,"  "  He 
removeth,    D    Sets    aside.        *'  A  B  C    Human   traditions. 


THE  AUGSBURG   COXFESS/OX.  ^.y 

because  he  would  ^''  show  that  the  Christian  right- 
eousness^"' is  another^'  thing  than  such  works/** 
that  is  to  wit,  that  is  ^"  the'"  faith  which  believeth 
that  sins  be'"'  freely  forgiven''"  for'"-*  Christ.'"^  But 
this  doctrine  of  Paul"'  is"'-'  almost  altogether 
oppressed'"'  by  traditions,  which  have  engendered 
and  brought  forth'"  an  opinion  that'"  we  must 
needs'"  merit  and  get'"  remission  of  sins'''  and 
justification  by  diversity  of  meats  and  like  honor- 
ing of  God.  In  penance,'"'  there  was  no  speaking"' 
of  faith,  only  these  satisfactory  works''^  were  pur- 
posed and  set  forth  '"' ;  the  holy  penance  appeared  '"' 
to  consist  and  stand''"  in  them."'' 

Secondarily"'  these  traditions  have'"  obscured 
and  darkened"'  the  precepts"-  of  God;  because'-" 
the''  traditions  of  men'^  were  preferred  and  re- 
garded"' above  the  precepts'"  of  God.  The  whole" 
Christianity  was  thought  to  be  the""  observation'"" 

''  ABC  That  he  may.  "'A  B  CRighteousness  of  Christ. 
"ABC  Far  other.  '"ABC  Add  "As  these  be,"  D 
'As  these."  ^"Instead  of  "That — that,"  ABC  read 
"  Namely.-'  '"ABC  A.  '  ABC  Are,  -'  ABC  Re- 
mitted. ''  AB  Through.  "  B  C  Christ's  sake.  "  A  B 
St.  ^^"  D  Has  been.  "ABC  Wholly  smothered. 

'"ABC  Have  bred.  '"  ABC  Transfer  last  clause,  read- 
ing :  '■  By  making  differense  in  meats,  and  such  like  ser- 
vices." '■'  ABA  man  must,  C  A  man  should.  '^'  A  B  C 
Delete  a.  g.  '•'  C  "  (!irace  "  ;  Ed.  2  has  rcmissiontvt  pccca- 
torum.  ''"ABC  Their  doctrine  of  repentance.  '"'ABC 
Mention  [D  adds  "Made."].  '''  C  Works  of  satisfaction. 
•"ABC  Instead  of  "Pur. — forth,"  read:  "Spoken  of." 
•*  A  B  C  Instead  of  "  The — appeared,"  read :  "  Repentance 
seemed."  '•'  AB  Stand  whollv,  C  Consist  wholly.  ''■  ABC 
These.  '^^' A  B  C  Secondly. '""  AB  C  Delete.  "'ABC 
Delete.  "-'ABC  Commandments.  "-'  A  B  Add  "  That." 
"ABC  Delete.  "'ABC  Delete.  ^  ABC  Delete. 
'"ABC  Commandments.  "ABC  All,  D  changes,  read- 
ing :  "  Christianity  was  thought  to  consist  wholly."  ""ABC 
An.    ""'  D  In  observing. 


70  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

and  keeping'''  of  certain  feries,-^'  rites,  fastings  and 
vestures.-^  These  observations  had,  by  long  pre- 
scription of  time,  won  themselves  a  very  high  and 
an^-  honest ''■*  title,-*  for  they  only  were  called-'  the 
spiritual  life  and  perfect  life.  But,*"'  in  the  mean 
season,-^  the  precepts  of  God,'-  executed  according 
to  a  man's  vocation  and"*''  calling,  had  no  laud  nor 
praise,'^'-  as^^  that  the''^''  father  and  good  man  of  the 
house ^-  brought  up  his  children,  that  the'*""  mother 
childed,'-'^  that  the''^''  prince  governed  the  common- 
wealth. These  things''*  were  thought^'  to  be"" 
worldly  works,'''  and  unperfect,"-  and  far  worse 
than-'''  those  shining  and  ^'"^  glittering'"^  observa- 
tions.*'^'- And  this  error  *"'^  did  greatly  vex  and 
grieve  ^*^'*  well-disposed  consciences,*"'  which  were 
sorry**'  that  they  were  holden  in*"'  an  un'"' perfect 
kind  and  state*'"'  of  living,*'"  as*'*  in  marriage,  in 
governance,**-  and  "'^  in  other  offices  and  civil  min- 
istrations.*'*    On    the   other   side,  they    magnified 

"^  A  B  C  Delete.  ""  L.  Feriantm,  Ger.  Feier  (Al. 
Feiertag,  Ed.  3  Freytag)  ;  A  B  Holy  days,  C  Holi- 
days. -'A  B  C  Fasts' and  attire.  --'Instead  of  "Had 
— an,''  A  B  read  "  Carried  a,''  C  "  Were  in  possession  of  a." 
^''AB  Goodly,  C  Most  goodly,  D  Most  honorable.  "*AB 
Add  "And  name.  "^  A  B  C  That  they  were,  D  prefaces 
To  wit.  "''ABC  Delete.  -'.C  Time.  "'ABC  God's 
commandments.  ""ABC  Instead  of  "Executed — and," 
read  "Touching  every  man's.''  ""'ABC  Were  of  small 
estimation.  "^ABC  Delete.  ''-ABC  Delete  "And  — 
house."  "'AB  Bare  them,  C  Nurtured  them,  yi^-'-^^' "-■>  D 
"A."  ''^ABC  Delete.  -'"'ABC  Reputed.  ''«ABC 
Delete.  ■'"  A  B  C  Aftairs.  ""  B  C  Imperfect.  ''''ABC 
Inferior  to.  ""'A  BC  Delete  s.  a.  '"' A  B  Glistering. 
"'■'  B  C  Observances,  A  adds  "  And  orders."  "'■'  AB  These 
errors.  ^"*ABC  Instead  of  v.  a.  g.,  read  "  Torment." 
^'^^AB  Good  consciences,  C  Pious  consciences.  "^«ABC 
Grieved.  ^»"  A  B  Handfasted  to.  C  Held  by.  "'"  B  C  Im. 
'""ABC  Delete  a.  s.  ""ABC  Life.  "'ABC  Delete. 
*'^  ABC  Magistracy.  "■'  C  Or.  "*  A  B  C  For  all  after 
"Other,"'  read  "Civil  functions.'' 


THE  ACGSBCRG   COXFESSIOX.  71 

and  had  in  hi^h  reputation  the  monks  and  such 
hkc  cloisterers  which  call  themselves  religious  per- 
sons,"'' and  thought  (though  untruly),'"'  that  their 
observations"'  did  a  great  deal  more  deserve  re- 
mission of  sins  and  justification,""  than  the  simple 
life  of  a  Christian  man  did."' 

Thirdly,  traditions  brought  great  peril  and '-"" 
danger  to  '-'  consciences  ;  for  '--  it  was  impossible  '-' 
to  keep  all  traditions,'-'  and  yet  men  judged  '''  these 
observations  '■"  to  be  necessary  worshippings  and 
honorings  of  God.'-"^  Gerson  writeth  that  many 
did  fall ''"  into  desperation,'-'  and  that ' '■"  some  also  '" 
did  kill  '•"  themselves  ;  for  '"  because  they  thought '" 
that  they  could  not  satisfy  '^''  the  traditions,  and  in 
the  mean  season,'"'  they  had  no  ""  comfort  of  the 
righteousness  of  faith  and  '•^■'  of  grace.  We  see 
makers  of  Summes  '^•'  and  divines  to  abridge  and 
gather""  traditions,  and  to '^'  seek  Epikecs}^-  that  is 

"'  A  B  They  had  the  monks  and  such  like  men  in 
admiration,  C  agrees  with  A  B,  deleting  "men,''  D 
They  admired.  '"'  ABC    Falsely    imagined.  ""  A 

Their  orders,  B  Their  observances,  C  The  observances  of 
these  men.  ""  C  Were  more  grateful  to  God,  A  B  ut 
supra,  deleting  "  A  great  deal  "  ;  Tav.  A  B  after  Ed.  2  ; 
C  Kd.  I.  ""ABD  Delete  clause,  C  Than  their  own. 
'-ABC  Delete  p.  a.  '^' A  B  C  Add  "  .Men's."  '-■-ABC 
Because.  '-■  A  Not   possible.  '-'  A  B    Them    all. 

'-■'ABC  Thought.     '-'"ABC  The   observation   of  them. 

'-■'AB  Instead  of  "worship — God,''  read  "Duties.''  C 
"  services."  '--  ABC  Fell.  '-■'  ABC  Despair.  '  ^"  A  B 
C  Delete.  '"ABC  Delete.  '  ^' A  B  C  .Murdered,  D 
Took  their  own  lives.  ''ABC  Delete.  '''ABC  Per- 
ceived. ''ABC  Keep.  ''''Instead  of  "In — season,"  A 
•■AH  this  while,'"  B  "All  this,  while,'' C  "All  this  while," 
D  "Meanwhile."  '"A  B  C  Never  heard  the,  D  Had  never 
heard  the  '  '  ABC  Or.  ""  ABC  The  Summists.  "" 
Instead  of  "  To — gather,"  read  "  (iather  together  the."  '" 
ABC  Delete.  "-' /-(t/^^a,-,  AB  C  (Qualifications,  D  Miti- 
gations. 


72  THE  AUGSBURG   CONFESSION. 

to  say,  moderations,  or  favorable  interpretations,  to 
the  intent  ^^^  to  ease  ^**  consciences,  and  yet  they 
bring  not  their  purpose  sufficiently  to  pass/*''^  but 
sometimes  ^^  they  snare  and  tangle  consciences 
more  and  more.'*"  And  in  gathering  together  of 
traditions,  schools  and  sermons  have  been  so  occu- 
pied'*'"*  that  they  have '*•'  not  had  ^'^'^  leisure  once*''' 
to  touch  Scripture,  and  to  seek  the  ^'"^-  more  profita- 
ble doctrine  of  faith,  of  the  cross,  of  hope,  of  the 
worthiness ''^^  of  civil  or  political''^*  things,''^  of 
comfort''^''  of  conscience  in  most  bitter  tempta- 
tions.'^' Therefore  '"'^  Gerson  and  certain '"'''  other 
divines  have  grievously  complained  "^"  that  they 
were  so  cumbered  and  entangled  with  '"  these  pain- 
ful '^^  traditions,  that  "^^  they  could  not  occupy  them- 
selves ""^  in  a  ^'^'''  better  kind  of  doctrine.  And 
Austin  '^''"'  doth  inhibit  to  charge  consciences  "''^  with 
such  observations  '^'"^ ;  and  full  wisely  doth  "''■'  admon- 
ish  and '""  warn   Januarie '" '   his   friend/''"    that    he 

'^^^A  B  C    Delete    all    following    "That."      '^^  A  B  C 
Unburden  men's.  '^■'  ABC"  Yet  all  will  not  serve,  D 

"  And  yet  thereby  they  do  not  set  the  consciences  free."  '^'' 
C  Meantime,  D  Rather  at  times.  ^*'  ABC  They  bring 
more  snares  upon  the  conscience.  """ABC  Begin  sen- 

tence "The  schools  and  pulpits  have  been  so  busied  m  gath- 
ering together  the  traditions,"  D  "  In  the  schools  and  in 
their  sermons,  men  have  been  so  busy  in,''  "■'  ABC  Delete. 
'■'"  ABC  Had  not,  D  Reverts  to  Tav.  '''  C  Deletes.  '^^ 
ABC  Out  a.  1''  ABC  Dignitv.  '^^  A  B  C  Delete.  ^™ 
ABC  Affairs.  '"■  ABC  Prefix  the.  ^^'  AB  Perilous 
assaults,  C  Arduous  trials,  D  Severe  afflictions.  '^^  A  B  C 
Wherefore.  ''"  ABC  Same.  "'"  ABC  Made  grievous 
complaints.  ^''^  A  B  C     Instead    of  "So— with,*'   read 

"hindered  bv."  ''""AB  Brawls  about,  C  These  strifes 
about.  ^"' ABC  So  that.  "'^  A  B  C  Be  occupied.  ""A 
B  C  Some.  "''  A  B  St.  Augustine,  C  Augustine.  "'"  A  B 
C  Forbiddeth  that  men's  consciences  should  be  burdened. 
"^*  AB  Such  kind  of  observations,  C  Observations  of  such 
kind.  ''^'■'  A  B  And  doth  very  wisely,  C  And  doth  very  pru- 
dently. '""  ABC  Delete  a.  a.,  D  Instead  of  a.  a.  w.,  reads 
"advises.''     '"'ABC  Januarius.       ''"ABC  Delete. 


THE  AUGSBURG  COXFESSIOS.  73 

should  ''-^  know  that  they  be  '"*  to  be  observed  and 
kept  ''■'  indifferently  ;  for  this  is  his  term.'""  Where- 
fore we  oii<^ht  not  to  think  that  our  learned  men '" 
have  touched  this  matter  without  cause  why,'""*  or'"" 
for'"*"  hatred  of'"'  bishops,  as  some  men,'""-  falsely 
do  '"^  think. '"^  There  was  great  necessity  ''^''  to 
warn  "^'  the  churches  of  these  '"^"  errors,  which  were 
sprung  out '""  of  traditions  amiss  understanden. 
For  the  Gospel  compelleth  '■'^''  to  promote  and  set 
forth  '-"  in  the  churches  ''"'  the  doctrine  of  grace,  and 
the'"  righteousness  of  faith  ;  which,  nevertheless,"*- 
cannot'-'*  be  understanded,''"  if  men  think'"'  that  they 
do  '""'  merit  remission  of  sins,  and  justification  '""  by 
observations  '"-  of  their  own  election.""'  Therefore-"" 
they  taught  -"'  on  this  wise,-""-  that  by  observation 
and  keeping  of  man's  traditions,-""^  we  cannot^" 
get^'""   remission   of  sins   and'""*'   justification;   and, 

'••ABC  To,  D  That  he  must.  '"'ABC  Are.  ■"ABC 
Delete,  and  add  "as  though.''  '"'•  ABC  He  so  speaketh. 
D  These  are  his  words,  A  indicates  what  follows  in  next 
three  sentences  as  the  quotation  from  Januarius.  ''"ABC 
( )ur  ministers  must  not  be  thought  to.  '""AB  Unadvisedly, 
C  Rashly.  '"'ABC  Delete.  '""  C  From.  '"' ABC  Of 
the.  '"-'ABC  Delete.  '■'  ABC  Transpose  f.  and  d. 
'■'ABC  Surmise.  '■'ABC  Need.  '■''A  B  C  Admonish. 
'■"  ABC  Those.  '■■ABC  Did  arise,  [D  Had  arisen]. 
from  mistaking,  [D  such  misunderstanding.]  ''■'  ABC 
Driveth  men,  C  ut  supra,  adding  men,  D  Urges  us  to  in- 
culcate. '■■'  ABC  For  p.  a.  s.  f.,  read  '*urge.''  '"'A  B  C 
Transfer  i.  t.  c.,to  after  "faith,"  reading  Ijowever '' church.'" 
""ABC  Of  the.  '"■'  ABC  Yet,  D  Deletes.  '"^  ABC 
Can  never.  ''"  ABC  Understood.  ''•  ABC  Suppose. 
"*"'ABC  Can.  '"' C  Has  overlooked  this  variation  of  Kd.  2. 
from  Ed.  i.,  B  corrects,  "Grace."  ''■  B  C  Observances. 
""•ABC  Choice.  -""'  ABC  Thus  therefore.  '"  A  B  D 
Have  taught,  C  Teach.  "-  ABC  Delete.  -"•  ABC 
Transfer  to  after  "justification,''  reading*^  the  observation," 
and  deleting  "  keeping  of.  "  '"'  ABC  Can  never.  '"'  A 
B  C  Merit.  -'"'  C  Grace  or. 
6 


74  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

therefore,  it  is  not  to  be  thought '""'  that  such  obser- 
vations be-"-  necessary  honors  of  God."""  They""' 
add  authorities-'^  of  Scripture."'"  Christ  excuseth 
the  Apostles  -'•'*  which  "'^  kept  not  the  customable 
and  used"'"'  tradition,  which,  nevertheless,""'  seemed 
to  be  a  thing,"'"  not  unlawful,  but  a  mean  thing,""^ 
and  to  have  certain"'''  affinity  or  neighborhood^"" 
with  the  baptisms  or  washings ""'  of  the  Law,  and 
saith  :  "They  honor""  me  in  vain  with  command- 
ments"'^ of  men.""^  Ergo,  he"'  requireth"''  not"^'^ 
unprofitable  honor."^-  And  a  little  after,""'''  he  add- 
eth  :  "All  things  that"''  entereth  into"^"  the  mouth 
doth  not  inquinate  nor  defile "'''  man."  Paul  also  to 
the  Romans  saith  -"" :  "  The  kingdom  of  God  is  not 
meat,  nor -^^  drink."  "^^  Also  to  the  Colossians  "^^ : 
"  Let  no  man  judge  you  in  meat,  drink,  Sabbath 
day,  or  holy  day."  ^^"^     Also  a  little  after,  he  saith  : 

2°'  A  That  we  must  not  think,  B  C  As  A,  deleting 
"That."  '-^"^ABC  Are.  '""  A  B  Duties,  C  Services. 
'-"*  ABC  Hereunto  they.  "^  ABC  Testimonies  out. 
•''•-  ABC  The  Scriptures.  '''^  ABC  His  disciples,  C^  His 
Apostles.  -'"  C  Who,  D  When  they  did  not  observe. 
-'5  ABC  Instead  of  c.  a.  u.,  read  "  Received^'  D  A  Re- 
ceived. '-'"  ABC  Yet.  '-''  ABC  About  a  matter,  -i*  A 
B  C  Indifferent,  "s  ABC  Some.  -'"  ABC  Delete  o.  n. 
■--'  A  B  Delete  "  Baptisms  or,"  C  Deletes  "  Or  washings," 
D  Reads  simply  "  Purifications."  '---'  A  B  Worship.  '-'-'  A 
B  The  precepts,  C  The  commandments.  "^  B  C  Add 
Matth.  XV.  9,  D  Matth.  xv.  3,  9.  '-'■'  ABC  Christ  therefore. 
-'-«  C  Exacteth,  D  Does  not  exact.  --"A  B  C  No,  D  "  An." 
--- AB  Worship,  C  Service.  -'-'"•'  D  Further  on.  '-^AB 
Delete  "  Things,"  C  Whatsoever,  D  As  in  A.  V.  -•'»  A  B 
C  In  at.  '-"  ABC  Instead  of  "  Doth— defile,"  read  "  De- 
fileth  not  the."  -"  Instead  of  "  Paul — saith,"  A  "  Again 
Rom.  xiv.,"  D  St.  Paul,  B  "Also,"  C  "So  also  Paul," 
C  "  So  also  (Paul)."  ^^^  AB  C  And.  -^^  B  Adds  Rom. 
xiv.  17,  C  Rom.  15  :  17.  '-^  Instead  of  A.  t.  t.  C,  A  reads 
"  Col.  2,"  B  "  Col.  ii.  :  16,"  C  Transfers  to  after  quota- 
tion, reading  "  Col.  ii.  :  16."  -''^''  A  Drink  or  a  part  of  a 
holy  day,  B  Or  drink,  or  in  a  Sabbath,  or  in  an  holy  day, 


THE  AUGSBURG  COXFESSIOX.  75 

"  If  ye  be  dead  with  Christ  from  the  elements-'"  of 
tlie  world,  why,  as  though  ye  were  living-'''  in  the 
world,  do  ye  keep  ''"'  decrees  -'•' :  Touch  thou  -"'  not, 
taste  thou  not,  handle  thou  not  ?"  -*'  Peter-*'*  also, 
in  the  Acts,-'-  saith  :  "  Why  do  ye  tempt""  God, 
laying  a  yoke  upon  the  necks  of  the  disciples, 
which  neither  we,  nor  our  fathers-"-'  were  able  to 
bear  ;  but  we  believe  to  be  saved  as  well  as  they,  by 
the  grace  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ."  -"  Here 
Peter -"^'  forbiddcth  to  charge"''  consciences  with 
many  rites  and  ceremonies,-"'  either  of  Moses  or 
else  of  others.-'"  And  in  the  P"irst  Papistic  to  Tim- 
othy,""'" Paul"''  calleth  prohibition"'"  of  meats  the"'' 
doctrine  of  devils  -'- :  for  '*•'  it  is  against  -''  the  Gospel 
to  institute  ''''  or  do  such  works,  that  -"'  by  them  we 
may  merit  and  get  -'"  remission  of  sins '-''"  and  right- 
eousness,-''' or  that-'""'  Christianity  could  not  be"''' 
without  such  an  honoring  of  God.""" 

C  Or  drink,  or  in  respect  of  the  Sabbath  days,  or,  D  As  in 
A.  V.  -"•  ABC  Rudiments.  -"  ABC  Lived,  D  As 
though  living  in  the  world.  '"  A  Are  ve  burdened  with, 
B  C  Subject  to.  - '•  ABC  Traditions,  D  As  A.  V.  Ordi- 
nances. '■"  ABC  Delete  "  Thou  "  with  each  of  the  verbs. 
-'"  B  C  Add  ver.  20.  2 1 .  -'""  St.  Peter.  -'-'  ABC  Delete 
"  .Also— Acts.''  -■'•  ABC  Tempt  ye.  '"' D  '•  Our  fathers, 
nor  we."  -*'AB  But,  by  the  grace  of  our  Lord  Jesus 
Christ,  we  hope  to  be  saved,  as  did  also  they,  C  But  we 
believe  that  through  the  grace  of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  we 
shall  be  saved,  even  as  they,  B  C  Add  Acts  xv.  10,  11. 
^*'^' D  St.  Peter.  -"  AB  C  Burden  the.  -'"'ABC  Delete 
a.  c.  -'"ABC  Whether  they  be  of  Moses'  or  of  any 
others'  appointing,  D  Or  of  any  others.  ''■■  Instead  of  "  In 
^Timothy,"  A  reads  "  i  Tim.  4,"  BC  Delete.  -''A  He, 
C  He  (Paul).  -'■"•  A  B  C  The  forbidding.  ■■'  ABC"  A." 
"-'  BC  I  Tim.  iv.  i.  -'' A  B  C  P.ecause  that.  D  "Be- 
cause," without  "  That."  -''  A  B  Flat  against.  -  '  ABC 
Appoint.  -'■'*'  A  B  C  To  the  end  that.  '  "  ABC  Delete  a.  g. 
"^^  C  Grace.  -'■'  ABC  "Or  Justification  ;"  Ed.  2.  Remiss. 
pecc.  et  just.  ;  Ed.  i ,  Gratiam  ant  quod,  etc.  -'•"  A  Because, 
BC  As  though.  '-"^' AB  There  could  be  no  Christianity, 
C  ui  supra,  substituting  for  "  be,"  "e-vist.''    ■'''■  ABC  Them. 


76  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

Here  our  adversaries  object  and  lay-*'^  against  us 
that  our  men  do  prohibit '•"*  discipHne  and  mortifica- 
tion of  the  flesh,  as  Jovinian  did ;  but  the  contrary- 
shall  be  known  '^^  by  the  writings  of  our  learned 
men'"'';  for  they  have  always  taught  of  the"''''  cross, 
that  it  behoveth  Christian  men  to^^  suffer  ""^^  tribu- 
lations or'-^'*  afflictions.  For-"^  this  is  the  true,  the 
earnest  and  the  ■'^^  unfeigned  mortification  (I  mean),^"^ 
to  be  exercised  with  diverse^*  afflictions,  and  to  be 
crucified  with  Christ.  Moreover  they  teach  that 
every  Christian  man  '^''^  ought  to  exercise  and  sub- 
due himself  with  corporal  exercises  and  labors,^^ 
that  saturiety  and  fulness  of  meats  and  drinks,-"  or 
slothfulness  '^'^  do  not  provoke  and  ""'*  prick  him  for- 
ward to  "-'^  sin,  but  -"^^  not  that  we  can  deserve  by 
these  exercises  ^^-  remission  ""^^  of  sin,-*^^  or  pardon  of 
eternal  death.-""'  And  it  behoveth  to  set  forth  this 
corporal  discipline  at  all  times,-"*"  and"-'  not  alonely-^^ 
at"--*  a  few  certain -'"^'  days,  ordained   to   the   same 

-«^A  B  C  Delete  a.  1.  =«^A  B  C  Ministers  hinder  all  good, 
D  Hinder  the  discipline.  -'"^  ABC  May  be  seen.  -"*'  A 
BC  Our  men's  writings.  ^''"ABC  Touching,  D  Concerning. 
'■'^'  A  B  That  Christians  must.  -«^  C  Bear.  -'"  ABC  De- 
lete t.  o.  -'1  A  B  C  Delete.  ='=  A  B  C  Delete  "  the  "  be- 
fore e.  and  u.  "''■''  ABC  Delete.  '"*  B  C  Divers.  -'^  A  B 
C  Delete.  "'''ABC  Must  so  by  bodily  discipline  or  bod- 
ily exercises  and  labor,  exercise  and,  A  Keep  under  him- 
self, B  C  Keep  himself  under.  -'""  A  B  That  fullness,  C 
That  plenty.  '"*  A  B  C  And  sloth.  -'■' A  B  C  Delete  p.  a. 
^«°A  B  Up,  C  Substitutes  for  p.  h.  f.,  "  Stimulate."  -"ABC 
Delete.  -*-ABC  Not  that  he  may,  by  such  exercises, 
merit.  -^^  A  Such  remission.  '^*AB  The  fault,  C  In- 
stead of  r.  o.  s.,  reads  "  Grace.''  --''  A  B  Delete  "  Pardon,'' 
C  Satisfy  for  sins  ;  £d.  ?  :  Mereanuir  rcinissioneiii  ciilpiv  aut 
mortis  crtenicc.  -^AB  And  this  corporal  discipline  must, 
A  Always  be  plied,  B  Be  plied  always,  A  Should  be  used 
always.  The  MS.  copy  of  C  has  "  urged  "  ;  "  used  ''  is  prob- 
ably a  typographical  error.  ^*'  ABC  Delete.  -**  ABC 
Only.  ^  A  In,  B  C  On.  -■"'  AB  And  those  set,  C  And 
set. 


THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION.  77 

purpose.'""  as  Christ  commandeth-'- :  Cavete  ne  corda 
vcstra  graventiir  crapida-''' :  "  Beware""^*  that'-''  your 
hearts-"'  be  not  grieved '-•'  with  surfeiting.'' -'"' 
Also  -•'^ :  Hoc  gcmts  dcvionioruju  non  ejicitur  nisi 
orationc  I't jejiinio^''':  "This  kind  of  devils*"  is  not 
cast  forth"'-  but  with""  fasting  and  prayer.*" 
Castigo  corpus  vicum  ct  in  scnntutcm  redigo'*''':  "  I 
chastise  ""'  my  body,  and  bring  it  into'*"'  servitude'"'"' 
and  bondage," '"'■' where  he  showeth  clearly*'"  that 
he  did  "'  chastise  his  body,  not  to  deserve,  by  that 
discipline."-'  remission  of  sin,*'*  but  to  have  his  body 
in  bondage  and  apt  to^'^  spiritual  things,  and  to  do 
his  calling.^''  Therefore  the  fastings  themselves 
are  not  condemned,'*"'  but  the  traditions  which  pre- 
serve and  appoint*''  certain  days,  certain  meats 
with  peril  of*"  conscience,'*'''  as  though  those  man- 
ner of  works  *-"  were  necessary  honorings  *-'  of 
God.-^" 


"■"  ABC  Delete.  ''•'-  ABC  According  to  the  com- 
mandment of  Christ.  -''■  ABC  Delete  Latin.  '^"  ABC 
Take  heed.  ''■'''"  C  Lest,  D  Lest  at  any  time.  -'*  A  B  Bod- 
ies, C  Hearts.  -''"  AB  Not  oppressed,  C  "Overcharged," 
without  "not."  ^"  B  C  Add  Luke  xxi.  34.  '^■'■■•ABC 
Again.  ^*^  A  B  C  Delete  Latin.  ^«^  C  (Of  devils).  *••- A 
B  Is  not  cast  out,  C  Coeth  not  out.  ^'«  ABC  By.  *'*  C 
Transposes  f.  and  p,  B  C  Add  Matth.  xvii.  21,  ABC  And 
[D  St.J  Paul  saith.  "'^ABC  Delete  Latin.  '"«  C  Keep 
under.  '"'A  Binder.  "'"  AB  C  Subjection.  "-'ABC 
Delete  a.  b.,  BC  Add  i  Cor.  ix.  27. 

"°  A  B  C  Plainly  showeth.  ■"  ABC  Add  "  Therefore." 
"-ABC  That  by  [C  that]  discipline,  he  might  merit. 
'"ABC  Sins.  '"ABC  That  his  body  might  be  apt  and 
fit  for.  "^  A  B  C  And  to  do  his  duty  according  to  his 

calling.  ''^  A  B  C  We  do  not  condemn  fasts  themselves. 
' '  Instead  of  p.  a.  a..  A  B  C  read  "  Prescribe."  "^  ABC 
Danger  to.  ''"-'  A  B  The  consciences.  C  The  conscience. 
=•*"  A  B  C  Such  works  as  these.  '-'  A  B  Duties,  C  A  neces- 
sary service,  Ed.  2,  Xecessarii,  Ed.  2,  Necessarius  cultus. 
^'"ABC  Delete. 


78  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

Yet  many'^"^  traditions  be  kept'^-"^  with^^  us, 
which  help  to  this;^-*'  that  things  be'^-'''  done  orderly 
in  the  Church,  as  the  order  of  the^"^^  lessons  in  the 
Mass,  and  the  chief ■^"''  holy  days^"  be  kept  still;^^ 
But  in  the  mean  season,^'^"  men  be  warned '^^^  that 
such  an  honor '^^^  doth  not  justify  or  make  right- 
eous^* before  God,  and  that  there  is  no  sin  to  be 
put^^^  in  such  things,  if  they  be  omitted  and'^^^  left 
undone  without  slander  or  offending  of  any  man;^^'^ 
This^  in  man's ^'^  rites  and  traditions^  was  not 
unknown  to  the  old'^^'  Fathers.  For  in  the  East'^^- 
parts,'^'-'  they  kept  Easter  in^'"  another  time  of  the 
year-^^  than  they  do^-^-  at  Rome.  And  when  the 
Romans ^'^  accused  the  Easterlings*'*  of  schism  and 
division*'-^  for  this  dissimilitude  and'^'"  diversity ,''^''^'' 
they  were  warned  of  other,'^'''  that  it  is  not  neces- 
sary that  such  manners  be  like'^'^-  everywhere. 
And  an  old  Father,'^'''  called  Irenjeus,  saith  that^'^'^ 
the  diversity  and  dissonance  of'^*'^  fasting  breaketh 

323  A  B  Many  of  the,  C  Most  of  the,  [D  Of  those.] 
32*  ABC  Are  observed.  325  ^gQ  Among.  326  ^gc 
Tend  unto  this  end.  327  ABC  May  be.  328  ^  g  ^ 
Delete.  329  a  B  C  Chiefest,  D  reverts  to  Taverner.  33o  q 
Holidays,  D  Holydays.  ■-i  ABC  Delete  b.  k.  s.  332  ^ 
B  C  Time.  3:«  A  B  C  Are  admonished.  334  A  B  C  A 
service,  D  Such  service.  3«  A  B  C  Delete  o.  m.  r.  34i  q 
It  is  not  to  be  supposed  there  is  [D  It  is  a]  sin.  342  ^g 
C  Delete  o.  a.,  D  To  leave  undone  such  things.  3^3  a  So 
it  be  without  offence,  B  So  it  be  without  scandal,  C  With- 
out scandal,  D  Without  giving  offence.  344  ABC  Add 
"  Liberty."  345  _^  g  C  Human.  346  ABC  Ceremonies. 
3""  ABC  Delete.  348  g  Eastern.  349  ^  g  Church,  C  De- 
letes. 360  A  B  C  At.  351  A  B  C  Delete  o.  t.  y.  352  ^  g  q 
Did.  353  ^  g  When  as  they  of  the  Church  of  Rome,  C 

When   they  of  Rome.  '54  ^  j^^gj.   church,   B  Eastern 

Church,  C  The  East.  355  ABC  Delete  a.  d.  356  ABC 
Delete  d.  a.  356a  -q  Qn  account  of  this  diversity.  357  _^  g 
C  Admonished  by  others.  35«  instead  of  "  That  it  is— like." 
A  B  That  such  fashions  should  not  be  alike,  C  That  such 
customs  need  not  be  alike.  '59  ABC  Delete  a.  o.  F.  c. 

3«°  ABC  Delete,     ^ei  a  B  C  Disagreement  about. 


THE  A  I  -QSB  L  'R G  CONFESSION.  7 9 

not  the  unity  and  consonance*'"  of  faith.  Like  as 
in  12  Distinct,  Gregory,  bishop  of  Rome,*"''  signifi- 
eth "'^  that  such  a*"  dissi mi Htude ""''''  hurteth  not*^^ 
the""  Church.  And  in  the  History  Tnpartite^'^ 
the  gth  Book;"^"  many  examples  of  unhke*^'  rites 
are  gathered.''-  And  these  words  are  recited  :'^'^ 
"The  mind"'  of  the  Apostles  was  not  to  make 
laws'^  of  holy  days,*^'"  but  to  preach  good  conver- 
sation and  godliness."'^'' 

5.  Of   the  Vows   of    iMonastical  or    Religious 
Persons. 

If  a  man  would  call  to  remembrance  what  was 
the  state  of  abbeys  or  monasteries,  how  many 
things  were  done  daily  in  the  self  monasteries  con- 
trary' to  the  canonical  laws,  he  shall  the  better  per- 
ceive and  understand  what  is  taught  with  us  of  the 
monastical  vows/  In  St.  Austin's-  time,  the  ab- 
beys or*  monasteries  were  free  colleges,'  or  com- 
panies, to   enter  and   depart  at  will.'     Afterward,'' 

"■'-A  B  C  Doth  not  break  off  the  agreement,  D  Does  not 
violate  the  unity.  "^'  ABC  Besides  Pope  Gregory  in  the 
I2th  Distinct.  ''"''AB  Insinuateth,  C  Intimates.  "'^A  B  C 
Delete.  '"' A  B  C  Diversity.  •""  A  B  C  Doth  not  hurt. 
'•^  A  BC  The  unity  of  the.  "•»  ABC  Transpose  H.  and 
T.  ••"  ABC  Lib.  9.  '•"'  A  B  Different,  C  Dissimilar. 
';^  ABC  Add  "  Together."  -  ABC  There  rehearsed. 
■'■^' '  D  Intention.  ■'*  ABC  Give  precepts.  '"^  C  Concerning 
holidays,  D  Holydays.  '"'' A  B  Godliness  and  a  good  con- 
versation, B  Godliness  and  a  holy  life. 

'ABC  What  is  taught  amongst  [C  D  Among]  us 
touching  [D  Concerning]  the  vows  of  monks  [D  Monastic 
vows]  shall  [B  C  Will,  be  better  understood,  if  you  [BC 
One]  call  to  mind  what  was  the  state  of  monasteries,  and 
how  many  things  were  every  day  committed  in  the  monas- 
teries, contrary  to  the  canons.  ^  A  B  C  In  Augustine's. 
'ABC  Delete  t.  a.  or.  *  AB  Colleges,  B  Cloister-frater- 
nities, D  They  were  free  fraternities.  'ABC  Delete  "Or 
—will."     «ABC  Prefix  "  But,"  which  D  Deletes. 


80  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

when  godly  conversation''  was  corrupt,^  vows  were 
added  everywhere,^  even^'-  as  it  were  a  bond  or 
prison  devised"  for  restitution  of  godly  conversa- 
tion or  discipline.'-  Many  other  observances,  be- 
side vows,  were  added  by  process  of  time.'^  And 
these  bonds"  were  cast  upon  the  necks  of''  many 
before  lawful  and  convenient  age,"'  contrary  to  the 
canonical  laws.'"  Many'-  fell  into  this  kind  of 
living'-'  through  error,  which,-"  though  they  were 
of  sufficient  age,"-'  yet  they  could  not"  judge  their 
own"'''  strength  and  power ;-^  they  that'^  were  so 
trapped,-'  were  compelled^*'  to  abide  still,^  yea,^'^ 
though  the  canons  were  so  beneficial  to  them,-'' 
that'^"  they  might  have  been  delivered;^'  And  this 
happened  also  more^-  in  Monasteries  of  women '^^ 
than  of  men,"^^  notwithstanding  that^'  the  weaker 
sex  or  kind*'  ought  more  to  have  been'^"  spared. 

'ABC  Instead  of  g.  c,  read  "  Discipline."  '^A  B  C  Cor- 
rupted. ^  A  Everywhere  vows  were  laid  upon  them,  B  C 
Vows  were  everywhere  1.  u.  t.  ^"A  B  C  That.  ^'A  By  a  new 
devised  prison,  BC  In  a  newly  devised  prison.  ''^ABC 
The  discipline  might  be  restored  again,  D  Transposes  this 
clause  before  "  As  it  were."  '*  A  Over  and  besides  vows, 
by  little  and  little  many  other  observances  were  added, 
B  C  O.  a.  b.  V.  many  other  observances  by  little  and  little 
w.  a.  "ABC  Bands  and  snares,  D  Reverts  to  Tav. 
''ABC  Delete  t.  n.  o.,  D  "  Were  laid  upon  many." 
18  A  B  C  They  came  to  ripe  years.  '"ABC  Canons. 
''ABC  Transfer  "  Through  error."  ''^  A  B  C  Life.  -"  A 
B  C  Who.  -'  A  Wanted  no  years,  B  C  Wanted  not  [D 
Did  not  lack]  years.  "A  B  C  Wanted  discretion  to.  ^-^'A 
B;C  Delete.  ^^  A  B  C  Ability.  -^*  A  B  Which,  C  Who. 
^'  AB  C  Were  once  got  within  these,  D  Who  thus  had  got 
into  these,  A  B  Snares,  C  Nets.  -''ABC  Constrained. 
'"ABC  Delete,  and  add  "  In  them."  -■*  ABC  Delete.  D 
Even.  "'ABC  By  the  benefit  of  the  Canon.  ■'"  ABC 
Delete.  -"ABC  Some  might  be  set  at  liberty.  »-  A  B  C 
And  that  fell  out  rather,  D  This  occurred.  ^'  A  Nunneries, 
B  C  Monasteries  [D  Convents]  of  nuns.  '*  A  In  the 
colleges  of  monks.  B  C  Of  monks.  ''  A  B  Because,  C 
Although.     ■^•^  AB  C  Delete  o.  k.     '"  AB  Was  more  to  be. 


THE  AUGSBURG   COXFESSION.  81 

This  rigor  and  straitness  *'  displeased '"  many  good 
men  before  this  time/"  which*'  saw  maids'"  and 
young  men  to  be"  thrust  down"  into  monasteries*'" 
for  a'"*  living.  They"'  saw  how  unhappily  that 
purpose  did  prosper/'  what  slanders'"  it  brought 
forth/"  what'"'  snares  it  did  cast'''  upon  con- 
sciences."- They  were  sorry"'-'  that  the  authority 
of  the  law  canon '' was  utterly''"'  neglected  and  de- 
spised'"' in  a  thing  most  perilous.'"  To  these '"^ 
evils  was'-'  added  such  a  persuasion  of'"'  vows, 
wherewith,  yea  the  monks  and  religious  men 
themselves  (as  is  well  known)  have  been  in  time 
past  discontent.'''  If  any"-  were  anything  more 
wise"'  or  of  better  wit  and  judgment"*  than  other,'"'^ 
they  taught  (I  say)""  vows  to  be"'  equal  with'|^ 
baptism,  and  that  they,  by  that  kind  of  living,"'' 
deserved'"  remission  of  sins  and  righteousness'' 
before  God.  Yea,  they  added'-  that  the  Monkish"' 
life  not  only  deserved'*  righteousness  before  God, 

'A  B  C  Severity,  D  Deletes  a.  s.  ''^A  B  Misliked.  *°  A 
BC  Heretofore.  '  ^'ABC  When  thev.  '-'ABC  Prefix 
"Young."  ^  ABC  Delete.  **  A  B  Up,  C  Deletes.  **^  D 
Convents.  '^  A  B  C  There  to  get  their.  "'  A  B  -And.  '"  A 
B  C  -And  saw  what  an  unhapjn- success  [C  Issue]  this  coun- 
sel had.  '"A  B  C  OtTences.  '''A  B  C  Brought  forth.  "ABC 
Prefix  "  And."  ^'A  B  C  Laid.  '''  A  B  Prefix  "  Men's."  D 
"  The."  ■>■•  AB  C  (Grieved.  '"  Instead  of  1.  c.  A  B  C  Read 
"  Canons."  ^''A  B  C  Wholly.  ■"A  B  C  Contemned.  '■  AB 
C  Dangerous.  ^^  A  B  C  All  these.  -^"  A  B  C  There  was. 
''"  C  Concerning.  '''ABC  As  it  is  well  known,  did  in 
former  times  mislike  |C  Displease,  D  Displease  those  of] 
the  monks  themselves.  "-  ABC  Add  "  Of  them,"  D  Who 
were.  '"  A  B  Somewhat  stouter,  C  Somewhat  wiser.  '''  A 
B  C  Delete  "  Or— judgment."  '"ABC  The  rest.  '"■  AB 
Forsooth.  C  Deletes.  ''"ABC  That  vows  were.  "^"  AB  C 
To.  •=''AB  Touching  single  life,  they  taught  that  it.  C 
They  taught  that,  by  this  kind  of  life,  they.  '"ABC  Mer- 
ited. "'ABC  Justification.  '-  AB  Instead  of  t.  a.,  read 
"  Farther."    ''ABC  Monk's.    ''ABC  Did  not  only  merit. 


82  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

but  also  a  more  and  a  greater  thing/''  because  it 
kept"''  not  only  the  precepts/''  but  also  the  coun- 
sels of"*^  the  Gospel.  Thus  they  made  men  be- 
lieve "^"^  that  the  profession  of  such  religion"'^  was 
far"*'^  better  than  baptism,  and  that  the  monkish '^^ 
life  was  more  meritorious'*'  than  the  life  of  rulers,^^ 
yea,  than  the  life  of-^  pastors  and  of'^'^  such  like, 
which**"  served'"  their  vocation  and"*^  calling  in  the 
commandment  of  God,  without  feigned  and  cloaked 
religions.'-''  None  of  these  things  can  be  denied, 
for  they  be  apparent  in  their  own  books:'*''  What 
was  after  done'"  in  monasteries?-'-  In  old  time,^-'' 
they'-*'^  were  schools  of  Holy  Scripture''*  and  of^^ 
other  disciplines^"  which  are''"  profitable  to  the 
Church,  and  from'''*  thence  were  taken ^^  pastors 
and  bishops.  Now  it  is  another  thing.^""  It  need- 
eth  not'"'  to  rehearse  things  known.'""  In  old 
time'"-''   they   came    together'"^   to    learn.     Now'"* 

'^ABC  Instead  of  "Also — thing/'  read  "More  than 
that.''  "•'ABC  Observed.  "ABC  Commandments. 
"■■'A  In.  "'ABC  And  thus  they  taught.  '"AB 
C  Monk's  profession,  D  Monastic  vow.  '""ABC  Delete, 
D  Restores.  "'ABC  Monk's.  ^- A  B  C  Did  merit  more, 
D  Reverts  to  Tav.  »'  A  B  C  Magistrates.  "^  A  B  C  De- 
lete "Yea-of."  ^^ABC  Delete.  '« C  Who,  ABC 
Transfer  hither,  and  read  AB  "In  the  obedience  of  [C  In 
obedience  to]  God's  commandment,"  D  "  In  accordance 
with  God's  commands."  "■'  A  B  C  Followed.  •**  A  B  C 
Delete  v.  a.  "^  AB  C  Without  any  such  religion  [C  Reli- 
gions, D  Services]  of  man's  making.  ""  Instead  of  "  For 
— books/'  ABC  read:  "They  are  to  be  seen  [D  Found] 
in  their  [D  Own]  writings."  '"  AB  "  Fell  out  afterward," 
C  Occurred.  '■*'  A  B  C  Prefix  "  The."  »-''  D  Formerly. 
■"AB  There.  "^  A  B  C  For  the  study  of.  A  B  Divinity, 
C  Sacred  Letters.  "^ABC  Delete.  ^•'AB  Arts,  C 
Branches  of  knowledge.  ^"  A  B  C  Were,  D  Deletes 
"which  were."  ^'ABC  Delete.  ^"  A  B  C  Transpose 
"taken,"  and  D  "  were  taken,"  to  after  "  Bishops."  '"°  A 
BC  But  now  the  case  is  altered.  "'ABC  It  is  needless. 
""  AB  Their  vows,  C  What  is  notorious.  '"'^^'  D  Formerly. 
"''A  B  C  Add  :  "  Into  such  places."    '"*A  B  C  Prefix  "  But." 


THE  A I  'GSB  L  'R G  COXFESSIO.W  83 

they  feign  that  it  is  a  kind  of  living, '"^*  ordained  to 
deserve  forgiveness'"*^  of  sins  and  justification,  yea, 
they  preach'"'  that"'"^  it  is  a  state  of  perfection,  and 
they'"'  prefer  it  far  above""  all  other  kinds  of 
living,'"  ordained  of  God.""  We  have  rehearsed"* 
these  things,  laying  on  odiously  nothing'"  more 
than  truth,  to  the  intent"'  that  the  doctrine  of  our 
men"''  might  be  the  better  understanded,"'  con- 
cerning this  matter. 

First,  of"'  those  that"^  contract'-""  matrimony,'-' 
thus  they'-""  teach  with'"  us  that  it  is  lawful  to 
all'"' men'-' which'"' are'-''  not  mete'-*^  to  live  un- 
married,'"* to  contract  matrimony;  for'-'  vows  can- 
not take  away'-*^'"  the  ordinance  and  commandment 
of  God.''^'  But  this'"  is''*-  the  commandment  of 
God,  that  every  man  have  his  wife,  for  the  avoid- 


"^"ABC  Life.  ""=  A  B  C  Taken  up  [D  Instituted]  to 
merit  remission  ;  A  B  C  follow  Ed.  2  ;  "  Grace  '  is  reading 
of  Ed.  I  ;  so  D.  ^"'  ABC  Say.  '"^  A  B  C  Delete.  ""'A 
B  C  Delete.  "'  ABC  Delete  f.  a.,  D  Place  il  far  above. 
'"  AB  Kind  of  lives.  C  Kinds  of  life,  C  adds  The  kinds. 
"-  ABC  That  God  [Has  ]  ordained.  "  •  ABC  Therefore 
[D  Deletes  "  Therefore,'"]  mentioned.  '"AB  Amplify- 
ing nothing  odiously,  C  Not  to  excite  odium — exaggerating 
nothing,  D  Not,  out  of  spite,  exaggerating  anything.''  "'' 
ABC  Delete  "  More— intent."  "*^  C  Churches.  ABC 

Transpose  hither  the  final  clause,  c.  t,  m.  ""ABC  De- 
lete t.  b.,  and  read  "  understood,''  D  reverts  to  Tav.  "-  A 
B  Touching,  C  Concerning.  "''  ABC  Such  as.  '^"  AB 
(oin  in.  '"  A  B  C  Marriage.  '-'^  D  Transposes.  '-- C 
Among.  '-'3  ABC  For  any.  i-*  A  B  C  Delete  and  trans- 
pose final  clause,  reading  "To  marry."  '■'''ABC  That 
'-«  A  Is.  ""  A  B  Fit  for.  C  Adapted  for.  '-^  A  B  C  A 
single  life.  D  Celibacy.  '-''ABC  Forasmuch  as,  D  re- 
verts to  Tav.  '^'*  D  Do  away  with.  '-^'  A  B  God's  ordin- 
ance and  commandments,  C  God's  commandment,  D 
God's  ordinance  and  command.  '"  ABC  Delete  "  But 
this,"  D  Restores  "  But,"  reading  "  But  the  command  of 
God  is.''       ''■'  ABC  Transpose  to  after  "  Is."' 


84  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION, 

ance  of  fornication/'^'^  Not^^^  the  commandment^''^* 
only,  but  also  the  creation  and  ordinance  of  God, 
compelleth  them  to  marry /'''■''  which,^^''  without  the 
singular '•'"  work  of  God.  be'^-  not  excepted,^''''  ac- 
cording to  the  text:^*'  "It  is  not  good  to  a^^^  man 
to  be  alone."  ^^-  Therefore,  they  ^^'^  do  not  commit 
any  sin,^^  which  obey^^"'  this  commandment  and 
ordinance  of  God. 

What  can  be  objected ^^'  against  these  things? 
Let  men^^*"  extol  ^^'^  the  obligation  and'^''  bond  of 
the  vow  as  much  as  they  list,''"  yet  they  shall  not^''^ 
bring  to  pass  that  the  vow  may^'^^  take  away''^-""  the 
commandment  of  God.'"^  The  very^'^  Canon  laws'"' 
teach  that  '^'"'  the  authority  and  '^'  right  of  the  supe- 
rior is  excepted  in  every  vow.  Wherefore  much 
less  ''^-  these  vows  '■^'*  be  anything  worth  ;  since  they 
be  against  the  commandment  of  God.  Also"'"  if"'' 
the  bond"'"  of  vow '^'^  should"'^  (as  they  say)  have"" 

'"ABC  "To  avoid  fornication,  let  every  man  have  his 
[C  own]  wife,"  B  C  Add  i  Cor.  vii.  2.  1^'*  ABC  Prefix 
"  And,"  and  transfer  "  only.''  '-'^^  D  Command.  '"  ABC 
Such  unto  marriage.  ""ABC  As.  ''"ABC  Special.  "»  A 
B  C  Are.  "^  A  B  C  Exempted.  "^  A  B  C  That  saying. 
'"ABC  For,  D  That  the  man  should.  '"  B  C  Add  Gen. 
ii.  18.  '^='  A  B  C  Transpose  with  "  Therefore."  '"ABC 
Transpose  to  after  "  God,"  and  read,  "  Do  not  offend  [C 
sin.]  '^^  ABC  That  are  obedient  to.  '^''A  B  C  Said. 
'"A  B  C  A  man.  »«A  B  Amplify,  C  Exaggerate,  D  Exalt. 
"»  A  B  C  Delete  t.  o.  '■'"  A  B  C  He  will.  '^'  A  B  C  Can 
he  never.  '^-  ABC  Shall.  '"'^^  D  Do  away  with.  '^'  A 
B  C  God's  commandment,  D  The  command  of  God. 
'^*A  B  C  Delete.  '-ABC  Canons.  i^e  ^  B  C  Transfer 
"  In  every  vow."  '^"  AB  C  Delete  a.  a.  '^*  A  B  C  Much 
less  therefore  can.  '"'^  ABC  Read,  "which  are  contrary 
to  God's  commandment  [D  "command"]  be  of  force.'' 
'""ABC  Delete.  '«'ABC  If  so  be  that,  D  If  the. 
'«^  C  Obligation.  '«^  ABC  Vows.  '«^  A  B  Had,  C  Has, 
D  Reads  after  "  vows,''  "  From  no  cause  whatever  might 
be  changed."     '''^  A  B  C  Delete  "  As— have." 


THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION.  85 

no  causes""'*'  wherefore'"'  it  might  be  changed/*^ 
the  bishops  of  Rome'"''  would  not  have  dispensed 
therewith;  for  it  is  not'""  lawful  for  man'"""  to  dis- 
annul'""'' a'"'  bond,'''"  which  is  altogether  of'- the 
law  of  God.  But  it  is  so  that'"'  the  bishops  of 
Rome '"Miave  prudently  judged '""  an  equity  and  a 
favorable  interpretation  to  be  had  in  this  obligation 
and  bond,'"  and,'""  therefore,  we  read  that  they'"'' 
have  dispensed  many  times  ''^'  with  vows.  The  his- 
tory of  the  king  of  Aragon.  which  was  daweigned 
and  called"'  from  the  monastery,  is  known  well"*- 
enough,'^'  and  examples  of  our  time  be  apparent 
and  open.'-' 

Moreover,  wherefore''^'  do  our  adversaries  am- 
plify and  extol '^'  the  bond  or  the  effect'-"  of  the 
vow,  and  make  so  much  business  about  it,'"'^  when  "*'* 

"■"A  B  C  Cause,  C  Restores  "  causes."  "■'A  B  C  Why. 
''■'^'A  B  C  Add  '•  Then,"  and  transfer  "  would  not,  A  B  read- 
ing ■'  could  not,''  and  C  "  should  not,"  D  Deletes.  "^*'A 
B  The  Roman  Bishops,  C  The  Roman  Pontiffs,  D  After 
"  Pontiff,"  "  Would  have."  '""  A  B  Indeed  it  is  not,  C 

Neither  is  it.  D  as  in  Tav.  '""■'  D  '"  A  man."  '"'"'  D  "An- 
nul. '"'ABC  That.  '"'^  D  obligation.  '•-  ABC 
Doth  simply  belong  to,  D  exists  directly  of  Divine  right. 
•'■'  ABC  Delete  "  It— that."  '■•  A  B  Roman  bishops,  C 
Roman  pontiffs.  '"*'  A  B  Judged  very  wisely,  C  J.  v.,  [D 
Deletes  ''  very  "  prudently.  '"  Instead  of  "  An — bond,''  A 
B  read  "  That  in  this  bond  there  must  an  equity  be  used,'' 
C  T.  i.  t.  obligation,  t.  m.  equity  b.  u.,  D  Equity  must  be 
observed.  ""ABC  Delete  "  And.''  '"''  A  B  They  are 
often  read  to.     C  They  often,  as  we  read. 

'""  ABC  Substitute  for  m.  t..  "  Often,"  as  in  179.  '"•'  A 
B  C  Instead  of  "  Which — called,"  read  "  Being  called  back 
again."  '"'  ABC  Transpose  k.  and  w.  ''^'  AB  C  Delete. 
'*^  AB  There  be  many  examples  of  our  time.  C  There  are 
[D  Also]  examples  in  our  own  times.  '"'  ABC  Secondly, 
why.  '^  ABC  Instead  of  a.  a.  e.,  read  "  Exaggerate." 
'*"  Instead  of  b.  o.  e.,  C  reads  "  Obligation."  '"ABC 
Delete  "  And— it."      '■'■'  A  B  When  as. 


86  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

in  the  mean  season  '^"  of  the  self  ^''^  nature  of  the  ^**' 
vow,  they  spake  not  one  word,  how  it  ^^^  ought  to 
be  in  a  thing  possible,  and  how  it^'^^  ought  to  be 
willingly,^'-'^  freely^-"'  and,  with ^■''  deliberation,  con- 
ceived.^^^  But^-^^  how^"'^  perpetual  chastity  is  in  the 
power  of  man,^*^^  it  is  not  unknown.  And  how 
few^^be^^  there  which  do  freely  and  deliberately 
vow!^"*  Maidens  ^*^^  and  young  men,^'"'  before  they 
can^"'^  judge,  be^-^  persuaded  and  enticed"'^'-'  to 
vow,^^*^  yea  and^^'  sometimes  also  they  be^'^  con- 
strained. 

Wherefore  it  is  not  equally  done,''*  to  dispute  so 
straitly"''^  of  the  bond'-"'  when"'"  all  men  will"'"* 
grant ^^^  that  thing  to  be""  against  the  nature  of  a 
vow,  which--'  is  not  freely,""  but  suddenly  and 
rashly  taken."''     Many  canon  laws"*  do"' admit"" 

^""AB  C  Time.  All  transfer  "  They— word  "  hither,  read- 
ing "  Speak,"  and  "  A  word."  ^"^  A  B  C  Very.  ^-'^  ABC 
A.  is^A  Instead  of  h.  i.,  read  "Which,"  C  "  That  it." 
'■'*  Instead  of  h.  i.,  A  B  read  "  Which."  ^»''  ABC  In- 
stead of  w.  f.,  read  "  Voluntary."  ^^^  A  B  C  And  taken 
of  a  man's  [D  One's]  own  accord.  ^'*'  A  Adds  "  Advice 
or."  "«ABC  Delete.  '«"ABC  Transfer  from  close  of 
sentence  i.  i.  n.  u.  '^^"'B  C  How  far.  '"lA  B  C  A  man  D  Re- 
verts to  Tav.  20''  A  Many.  B  C  Many  an  one,  ABC  Add 
"Amongst  [D  Among]  them."  -"^  ABC  Is.  ^"' A  B  C 
That  doth  vow  [D  Has  vowed]  of  his  own  accord,  and  A 
B  With  advice,  C  Well  advised.  ^05  ^  Wenches.  -"''  A 
Maids,  B  C  "Youths,"  instead  of  y.  m.  =""  ABC  Know 
how  to.  ^"«A  B  C  Are.  '^'"A  B  C  Delete  a.  e.  '^^"  ABC 
Transfer  to  close  of  sentence,  D  Reads  "  To  take  vows." 
^"AB  C  Delete.  -"'A  B  C  Delete  t.  b.  "  AB  C  Compelled. 

•^'*  Instead  of  e.  d.,  A  B  C  read  "  Meet."  '^'^  ABC  Rig- 
orously. -^6  Q  Obligation,  ^i"  A  B  C  Seeing  that.  '"*  A 
B  C  Delete.  ^»-'  ABC  Confess.  ^-»  A  That  is,  B  C  It  is. 
^■^1  C  That  it.  2-2  ABC  Done  of  a  man's  [D  One's]  own 
accord.  ^'•^•^  Instead  of  "  But— taken,"  AB  read  "  Nor  ad- 
visedly," C  "  But  unadvisedly."  "*  ABC  The  Canon  for 
the  most  part.  ^-^  C  Deletes.  ^-'^  A  B  C  Disannul,  D 
Annul. 


THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSIOX.  s7 

vows  made  ~'  before  the  age  of  xv.  years  ;  "'  for '"' 
before  '"*'  that  age,  there  appeareth  -"  not  to  be  "*-  so 
much  judgment  in  a  person-"  to  determine'" 
upon  "'^''  a  perpetual  life.  Another  canon  granting 
yet-"'  more  liberty-'"  to  the  weakness  of  man, -^'' 
addeth-'-'  more  years,'^''*  inhibiting-"'  a  vow  to  be 
made  before  the  age  of  xviii.  years.-"  But 
whether-'-  of  them'-''  soever""  we"'"  follow,^"' 
certes  -'"  the  most  -'"  part  hath  -'''  a  very  lawful  and 
just-"  excuse,  why  they  should  forsake'-''  their -'- 
monasteries,  because  -"■'  they  -''  vowed  before  those 

Finally,-"' yea-'"  although"'"  the  violation  and-''' 
breaking  of  the-""  vow  could'"'  be  reproved^'-;  yet 
it  shall  not  forthwith  follow '-"'  that  the  marriages  of 
such  persons,  as  have,  against  their  vow,  married,'-"' 
ought  ^"  to  be  dissolved  and  broken.-"" 

-'-■  ABC    Which    are    made.  ''■'■"  A  B    Before    one 

be  fifteen  years  of  age,  C  Before  fifteen  years  of  age.  ^•''  A 
B  C  Because  that.  '-"'  ABC  Add  "  One  come  [D  comes] 
to."  -■'  A  He  seemeth,  B  C  There  seemeth,  D  There  does 
not  seem.  -■- A  Have.  -'■  AB  C  Delete  i.  a.  p.  -"  A  As 
to  determine,  B  C  That  determination  be  made.  -''  A  B 
Of,  C  Concerning.  -'"'  ABC  Permitting,  D  Making  a 
greater  concession  to.  -'■  ABC  Delete.  -'•"  ABC  Men. 
■■'  ABC  Doth  add.  '-'"'  ABC  Some  years  more.  -'"  A 
BC  For  it  forbiddeth.  -'"ABC  One  be  [D  Is|  eighteen 
vears  of  age.  -'-  C  Which.  '"  ABC  These.  ^"  A  B  C 
Delete.  -'*  A  B  C  Shall  we.  -"^ABC"?"  '''' A 
BC  Delete.  -''ABC  Greatest.  -'' C  Have.  ^^'Mn- 
stead  of  "A— just,"  ABC  read  "  This,''  D  A  valid.  2''  A 
B  Why  they  forsake,  C  For  forsaking,  D  Leaving.  '-'"•'■  A 
B  C  Delete.  -'■■  A  That  for  the  most  part,  B  That.  -^'  B 
C  Most  of  them.  ^'^  ABC  Thev  came  to  this  age.  ^^  A 
BC    Last   of  all.  --  AB  Delete,    C  Even.  ^*'  C 

Though.  -•■■'ABC  Delete.  V.  a.  -'■"  A  B  C  "  A."  •^'"  A 
B  May,  C  Were  to.  -"-'  ABC  Reprehended.  '•■''  A  B 
FoUoweth  not,  C  seems  not  to  directlv  follow.  -">♦  ABC 
Delete  "  As— married."  -'^'  ABC  Are.  -'■'"'  ABC  Delete 
a.  b. 


88  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

For  Saint  ^■''  Augustine -"^^  denieth^"^  that  they 
ought  to  be  broken.^"  17.  9.  i.  Capitulo.  Nuntia- 
t7im.  Whose -'''^  authority  is  not  Hght,""^-  although 
other  men^^  afterward  thought -'^^  other  vvays.^'^ 
But  though  ^*'  God's  commandment  of  marriage  ^^ 
maybe  thought  to  dehver  many-'^'-  from  their ^^ 
vows;  yet  our  men"""'  bring  also'-^  another  reason 
concerning  vows,  that  they  be  frustrate  ^--  and  vain.^'*^ 
For  every  honoring**^  of  God,  ordained  and 
chosen ^'^  of  men  without  the  commandment^'''''  of 
God  to  deserve"'*  remission  of  sin"''"  and  justifica- 
tion, is  wicked  ;  as  Christ  saith  :  "  They  honor  me 
in  vain^-''  with  commandments  of  men."  And^'*^''* 
Paul  teacheth  everywhere  ^'"•'  that  righteousness  is 
not  to  be  sought  of  the"-"'  observations-''^  and 
honors/^^  devised  -"'^  by  men,  but  that  it  cometh  by 
faith  to  them--'^  that"^'^  believe  that  they-'^  have 

^''^  A  B  C  Delete.  '""  ABC  Transfer  close  of  sen- 
tence, reading  ''  In  his  27th  quest.,  ist  chapt.  Of  Mar- 
riages:' '"■'  ABC  Doth  deny.  -""  ABC  Dissolved. 
"^  A  B  C  And  his.  -'-ABC  Not  lightly  to  be  esteemed,  D 
Not  to  be  esteemed  lightly.  -"  ABC  Others.  -'*  ABC 
Have  thought.  -■''  ABC  Otherwise.  -'''ABC  And  al- 
though. -' '  ABC  The  commandment  [D  command]  of 
God  touching  wedlock.  -"'  ABC  Doth  [D  seems  to]  free 
most  men.  2:9  ^^q  delete.  -^"  Teachers.  '^»' AB  C  Do 
also  bring.  -^-  C  To  show  that  they  are  void.  -*'  ABC 
Delete.  -**  A  B  C  Because  that  [D  Deletes  "  that  "]  all 
the  worship.  --^  Instead  of  o.  a.  c,  ABC  read  "  Institu- 
ted." 285.  J)  Command.  -"'' AB  C  And  chosen  to  merit. 
^*'  AB  C  Sins,  ABC  here  follow  Ed.  2,  "  Grace  "  is  read- 
ing of  Ed.  I.,  C"  Grace  and  Justification.  D  "Justification 
and  grace."  -^''  AB  Do  in  vain  worship  me,  C  follows — 
A.  v.,  B  C  add  Matt.  xv.  9.  ^»*^  D  "St.  Paul."  ^^'  ABC 
Doth  everywhere  teach.  ^^"A  Out  of  our,  B  C  Of  our  own. 
^■"  B  C  Observances.  -"'A  Those  worships,  B  worships,  C 
services.  -''^  ABC  Prefix  "  which  are."  '^^*  ABC  Those. 
2M4a  £)  Who.  -'^''  In  the  rest  of  the  sentence,  Eds.  i  and  2  vary, 
Tav.  and  A  B  following  Ed.  2,  and  C  Ed.  i.  Ed.  2,  reads  Se 
habere  Deuni  placatiim  et  propitiitm  propter  Christum,  non 
propter  ulla  nostra  merita.     For  reading  of  C,  See  Note  296. 


THE  A  L  -GSB  L  RG  COXI-ESSIOX. 


Hi) 


God  pacified  and  merciful  through -•-■•  Christ,  and  *^ 
not  for  any  our  merits.-"  But  clear  it  is'^'  that 
monks""'  and  friars-'"  have  taught*'-  that  these 
feigned  and  made  *'^  religions  deserve  remission  of 
sms  and  justification,  and  that  they  make  amends 
for  sms.'"  I  pray  you  *"'  what  thing  '"'  else  is  this, 
but  "•  to  detract  and  pluck  away"-  from  the  ^Xovy 
of  Christ,  and  to  darken,'^'  yea'*'"  and  to  '"  deny  the 
righteousness  of  faith?  Ergo,''-'  it  followeth  of 
necessity  '"  that  these  accustomed  and  usual  vows''" 
be  *'•'  wicked  honorings  of  God.'"^  Wherefore  they 
be  vain  and  of  none  effect.""  For  that  vow  which 
IS  wicked  and''"  against  the  commandment '"■'  of 
God,  is  nothing  worth'''"";  for  no  vow  ought  to  be  a 
bond  of  wickedness,  as  the  canon  itself  saith.'-' 
Paul  saith  :  "  Ye  be  avoided  from  Christ ;  ye  be 
fallen  from  grace,  which  be  justified  in  the  Law  "''"  * 

-'^A-B  Reconciled  to  them  for,  C  "Are  received  into  favor 
by  God  for  Christ's  sake."  «"A  B  Delete.  -''-A  Any  of  their 
•!I?,^*^^V,^  •'^">'  "'^"'^  of  their  own.  =^'  A  B  C  It  is  evident 
;*  A  B  C  The  monks.  ""  ABC  Delete  a.  f.  "-' A  B  C 
Did  teach,  p  reverts  to  Tav.  "^^  A  .Made  or  counterfeited. 
B  Counterfeited,  D  Services  devised  by  men.  ""  A  B 

Following  Ed.  2,  '•  Do  deserve  remission  of  sins  and  justifi- 
cation, and  that  they  do  satisfy  for  sins,"  C  following  Ed.  i 
SaUsfy  for  sins,  and  merit  grace  and  iustification  '"'■'  ABC 
Delete.  ''"^  ABC  Delete.  -^  ABC  Than.  ""A  B  C  Delete 
a^  p.  a.  ^'^'  ABC  Obscure.  ^"'  ABC  Delete.  "  ABC 
Delete^  "^  ABC  Wherefore.  -•  ABC  Delete  o.  n. 
■    A  B  \  ows  thus  used,  C  Common  vows.  '•'  •  ABC 

\\ere  "';  A  B  Worships.  C  services.  '^  A  B  And  there- 
^re  they  be  of  no  value,  C  And  are  therefore  void.  ""  A 
B  C  A  wicked  vow,  [D  A  vow  that  is  wicked]  and  that  TD 

S  A^^l,'  'r^'  ''-f/'^  ''''"^^  '"  ^^^^-  '■"  C  Commandments. 
■"'  A  B  D  Of  no  force,  C  One  of  no  force. 

•"  AB  Neither  ought  a  vow  to  be  a  bond  of  iniquities 
as  the  canon  saith,  C  Neither,  as  the  canon  saith,  ought^ 
etc.  '--AB  "Ye  are  made  void  of  Christ  which  seek  to 
be  justified  by  the  law ;  ye  are  fallen  from  grace,"  C  fol- 
lows A.  V  ,  B  C  Add  Gal.  v.  4.     What  follows  between  *  and 


90  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

(that  is  to  wit)  they  that  think  to  deserve  remission 
of  sins  with  their  own  works,  and  to  please  God, 
for  their  own  fulfilHng  of  the  law,  and  which  do  not 
feel  that  for  Christ  they  freely  take  by  faith  remis- 
sion of  sins,  given  them  by  the  mercy  of  God,  and 
that  for  Christ  they  please  God.  These  lose 
Christ ;  for  the  trust  due  to  Christ  and  to  the  promise 
of  God,  they  remove  away  and  apply  to  works. 
Also  they  plead  against  the  wrath  of  God,  not 
Christ,  the  mercy-stock,  but  their  own  works,  so 
that  the  honor  due  to  Christ  they  apply  to  their 
works.  But  it  is  clear  that  monks  and  religious 
persons  teach  this  (I  mean)  that  they  deserve  re- 
mission of  sins  with  their  observations,  and  that 
they  have  a  God  merciful  to  them  for  this  cause. 
Wherefore  they  teach  men  to  trust  in  their  works, 
and  not  in  the  propitiation  and  mercifulness  of 
Christ.  This  trust  is  ungodly,  wicked  and  con- 
trary to  the  Gospel,  and,  in  the  judgment  of  God, 
it  shall  be  found  void ;  for  our  works  may  not  be 
pleaded  against  the  wra:th  and  the  judgment  of 
God.     The  wrath  of  God  is  mitigated  and  suaged 

the  ^  "  It  is  no  light  slander,"  in  Taverner,and  AB  is  from 
Ed.  2  (which  the  Variata  afterwards  adopted).  C  from  Ed. 
I  continues  :  "  They  therefore  who  wish  to  be  justified  by 
vows,  are  made  void  of  Christ  and  fall  from  grace.  For 
they  also  who  attribute  justification  to  their  vows,  attribute 
to  their  own  works  what  properly  belongs  to  the  glory  of 
Christ.  Nor  truly  [D  deletes  "  Truly  "J  can  it  be  denied, 
that  the  monks  [D  Have]  taught  that  they  are  justified  by 
their  vows  and  observances,  and  merit  the  remission  of 
sins;  nay,  they  [D  Have]  invented  yet  greater  absurdities, 
and  said  they  could  transf'er  [D  "  Lend"]  their  good  works 
to  others.  If  any  man  wished  to  expand  these  things,  so  as 
to  excite  odium,  how  many  things  might  he  rehearse  where- 
of the  monks  themselves  are  now  ashamed.  Moreover, 
they  would  persuade  [D  '*  Have  persuaded "]  men  that 
these  invented  religious  orders  [D  Self-devised  services] 
are  a  state  of  Christian  perfection.     Or  [D  deletes  "  Or  "J 


THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESS  10 X.  .ji 

only  when  we  conceive  and  take  by  faith  the  free 
mercy  promised  through  Christ.  Therefore  they 
lose  Christ  which  put  their  trust,  not  in  Christ  but 
in  their  own  works.  Furthermore,  the  monks 
friars  and  rehgious  men  did  teach  their  kind  of 
hving  to  be  a  state  of  perfection,  because  they  kept 
not  alonely  the  precepts,  but  also  the  counsels 
Ihis  error  is  most  repugnant  to  the  Gospel  be- 
cause they  have  feigned  themselves  so  to  have  ful- 
filled the  commandments,  that  they  do  more  also 
than  they  be  bounden  to.  And  out  of  this  hath 
sprung  an  horrible  error  in  that  they  feigned  them- 
selves to  have  merits  of  supererogation,  that  is  to 
say,  more  than  tliey  were  bounden  to  have.  These 
merits  they  have  applied  for  other,  to  be  satisfac- 
tions for  other  men's  sins.  These  things,  if  any 
man  were  disposed  odiously  to  handle,  how  many 
things  might  he  rehearse  of  which  even  the  re- 
ligious persons  themselves  be  now  ashamed 

It  is  no  light  slander"'  in  the  Church  to  purpose 
and  set  forth  to '•^■'  the  people  any  honoring  of 
God,-  devised  by  men  without  the  commandment 
ot  Ciod,  and  to  teach  that  such  an'  honor '^'  doth 
justify  men  and  make  them  righteous.^-*^  For '-^ 
the  righteousness  of  faith  in  Christ,'-"'  which  chiefly 
ought  ^^  to  be  taught  in  the  Church,  is  thus'"'  ob- 
scured and  darkened,»^  while ••^^''  these  wonderful 
and    angelical    religions,»^    as   this    feigned    pov- 

is  this  not  ascribing  justification  to  works.?"  '-'ABC 
Offence.     '-*  AB  C  To  propound  unto.      ^-•'  A  B  .\  certain 

-  AB'r^  n  rr""  "°"''P    .  '1^  ^  Worship^C  SerSe" 
A  B  C  Delete  a.  m.  t.  r.     --  ABC  Because  that  D  re- 

"^^^^r  S,  '''^''''  ii  ^-  =  ^^^  ^''-^-^  belongs'to  e5. 
nn  J^^^^^  Ought  especially.  -'  ABC  Delete  --^  A 
B  C  Delete  ad.  '•  A  When  as,  B  C  When.  "♦  A  B  C 
Those  marvellous  religions  [D  This  marvellous  worship] 


92  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

erty,  this  cloaked  humility/^'  this  hypocritical 
chastity^*'  be  ^"  cast  before  the  eyes  of  men.^^ 
Furthermore  ^^  the  precepts  '^^^  of  God  and  the  true 
honor  ^^  of  God  be^^'  darkened,^^^  obscured  and 
defaced,^^^  when'*'*^  men  do'^^*"'  hear  that  only  monks, 
friars,  canons  and  nuns  be  in  the'^**'  state  of  perfection. 

For  the  very  perfection  of  a  Christian  man  is 
another  thing.^^^  It  is  ^^^  earnestly  to  dread  God,^^" 
and  again  to  conceive  faith,"'^^  and  to  trust  that  we 
have  God-^^''  pacified*'-  and  contented *'^  for  Christ's 
sake,  to  ask  of  God  and  surely  to  look  for  help^^^ 
in  all  things  that  we  have  to  do  ^'^  according  to  our 
calling.  And  in  the  mean  season  to  do  good 
works  outwardly,^^  to  serve  ^''  our  vocation.  In 
these  things  is  the^^^  true  perfection  and  true*''^ 
honor ^''"  of  God,^*"'  and  not  in  the  unmarried^''-  life, 
or  in  begging,'"'^  or  in  vile  and  filthy'*'^  clothes.^'''^ 

Also  the  people^*'-   conceive  many  noxious  and 

ass.jTj-oni  "  As,''  ABC  "The  pretence  of  poverty  and 
humility."  '•'•'AB  And  of  single  life,  C  And  of  celi- 
bacy. -■■■-■■'  ABC  Are.  «'^  ABC  Men's  eyes.  '■'■-■'■''  A  B 
C  Moreover.  ^"  AB  C  Commandments.  ■■"ABC  Wor- 
ship. ^«  A  B  C  .Are.  ''''  ABC  Delete.  ''^  ABC  De- 
lete. 3^^  A  Whenas.  '^^  B  C  Delete.  "■''  ABC  That  [D 
The]  monks  alone  are  in  that  [D  The].  ■'*'^  ABC  Because 
that  [D  For]  Christian  perfection  is  this.  ■'*^  ABC  Delete 
i.  i.  •■''°  ABC  Fear  God  sincerely.  ^^'  A  B  C  Great  faith. 
'^'"ABC  Assuredly  that  God  is,  D  Assuredly  that,  for 
Christ's  sake,  we  have  a  reconciled  God.  "''ABC  Add 
"Toward  us."  ^'^^'^  ABC  Delete  a.  c.  '^^ABC  To  ask- 
and  certainly  to  look  for  help  from  God.  '^''  ABC  Our 
affairs.  ■'■^"ABC  And  outwardly  to  do  good  works  dili- 
gently, D  To  do  diligently  good  works.  ■'■''  A  B  And  to 
tend  upon,  C  To  attend  to.  '^^  ABC  Instead  of  "  Is  the," 
read  "Doth,''  D  Restores  "The"  and  deletes  "Doth." 
■^»  ABC  The  true.  ^"  ABC  Worship.  '"ABC  Add 
"  Consist."  -'"^  AB  C  It  doth  not  consist  in  singleness  of 
life  [D  Celibacy].  ■'«^'' ABC  Beggary.  ^"ABC  Delete 
a.  f.  ^'«^  ABC  Apparel.  '««  AB  The  people  also  doth,  C 
[D  But]  The  people  doth  also  [D  Deletes  "Also"]. 


THE  ArGSBl'RG  CONFESS /OX.  9.? 

perilous'"'"  opinions  of  those  false  praisings*'^'  of 
the  •'^^  Monkisl;  ^•'  life.  They  heare  chastity  •''^  (for 
so  these  religious  persons  call  it)'*"'  praised  with- 
out'^- measure;  therefore  the  people  do  lead  their 
life  in  marriage  with  offence  and  grief  of  con- 
science.''"'^  They  hear  that  only  beggars'*"*  be 
perfect;  therefore ''''''  they  keep  possessions'*""  and 
occupy  the  world*"  with  an  inward  remorse  of 
conscience.  They  hear  that  it  is  a  counsel  of  the 
Gospel'*"^  not  to  avenge;'*"'-*  therefore  private  per- 
sons.'^^  hearing  this,^'  be'*--  not  afraid  to  avenge,*^* 
for  they  hear  that  it  is  but  *^  a  counsel,  and  *^'  not 
a  commandment.  Other  there  be  which  judge'**' 
that  all  rule^'^'  and  civil  offices  be  unmeet  for*""* 
Christian  men,^''"  and  as  though  they  could  not 
stand  with  good  Christianity.***  There  be*'"  read 
examples  of  men  which,  forsaking  marriage'*^-  and 

•*''•'  Instead  of  n.  a.  p..  ABC  read  "  Pernicious."  ^^A  B  C 
Commendations.  "•■' D  Deletes.  '«*  A B  Monastical,  C 
Monastic.  '"'  AB  That  single  life  is,  C  simplv  "  Celibacy." 
*"  ABC  Delete  parenthesis.  '""ABC  Above.  '"' AB 
They  live  in  marriage  with  offence  of  conscience,  C  With 
off.  of  consc.  they  live  in  mar.  D  Adopts  order  of  AB,  in- 
stead of. last  clause  reading  :  "  With  a  troubled  conscience." 
•^'*  ABC  Transpose  b.  and  o.,  C  "Mendicants  only  are," 
D  "Beggars  only  are."  "■' C  Transfers  hither  last  clause, 
reading  as  also  do  AB:  "With  offence  of  conscience,"  D 
''With  a  troubled  conscience."  '''"AB  Prefix  "Their" 
^"  ABC  Buy  and  sell.  ■'■-  ABC  The  Gospel  |AB  Only] 
giveth  counsel,  D  Almost  uf  supra  :  "  That  it  is  merely  a 
counsel  of  the  Gospel."  "^  A  Revenge,  B  C  Take  revenge. 
•**' AB  Some  that  lead  a  private  life,  C  Some  in  private 
life,  D  Some  are  not  afraid  to  avenge  themselves  in  private 
life.  '^' ABC  Delete.  '"-ABC  Are.  '-■  A  Revenge 
themselves,  BC  Avenge  themselves.  '"ABC  Delete 
^  A  B  C  Delete.  ^^^  A  B  C  Others  do  think.  '^'  ABC 
Magistracy.  ■•''  ABC  Are  unworthv.  '"'  ABC  A  Chris- 
tian man,  C*  D  Christian  men.  '"'ABC  Delete  all  after 
"  And."     ^9'  A  B  C  We.     '«-  ABC  Who  leaving  wedlock. 


94  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

forsaking  ^^^  the  administration  and  rulc^^^  of  the 
commonwealth,  have  hid  themselves  in  abbeys 
or^''^  monasteries,  and  ^^»^  this,^''"  called^''*  they,  to 
flee^^^  out  of  the  world,  and  to  seek'*^"  a  kind  of 
living  **^^  that  should  more  please  *^^  God.  Neither 
did  they  see  that  God  ought  ^"^  to  be  served  in 
those  precepts  ^'"  which  He  himself  did  give  and 
teach,^"-^  and ^^"^  not  in  commandments ^*^^  devised*^ 
by  men.  It*'''  is  a  good  and  a^"'  perfect  kind  of 
living,^"  which  hath  the  precept "-  of  God  for  it.^'^ 
It  is  necessary  to  admonish  and  warn^^'*  men  of 
these  things.  And  before  this  time^'''  also,^^''  Ger- 
son  rebuketh  *'"  the  ^^^*  error  of  religious  persons,  as 
touching  perfection,^'^  and  witnesseth ''""  that^"'  to 
say  the  monkish  or  religious  life  to  be  a  state  of 
perfection,  was  but  a  new  found  holy  day,  and 
strange  saying  even  in  this  time.  So^^^  many 
wicked  opinions  hang  in  *^^  vows,^^^"*^  as  that  they 
deserve *^^  remission  of  sins  and  justification,^  that 

^^^  A  B  C  Leaving,  ^^*  Instead  of  "Administration  and 
rule,"  ABC  read  "  Government."  ^"^  A  B  C  Delete  "ab- 
beys or."  ^««  A  B  C  Delete.  "S"  A  B  That.  ^»»  ABC 
Transpose  c.  and  t.  ^''^  A  B  To  fly,  C  Flying,  D  Fleeing. 
^«"  C  Seeking.  ^"^  A  B  C  Life.  "^  ABC  Which  is  more 
acceptable  to.  '''''  A  B  C  Is.  "^  AB  C  Commandments. 
"^  A  B  C  Hath  delivered.  *"«  ABC  Delete.  '"'  ABC 
Prefix  "  The."  «'^  ABC  Prefix  "  Which  are."  ««  ABC 
That.  "»ABC  Delete.  *"  ABC  Life.  ^'^'AB  C  Command- 
ment. ^''' A  B  Its  warrant.  *'*  AB  C  Delete  a.  w.  '"^  A 
B  C  These  times.  *'«  A  B  C  Delete.  "'ABC  Did  repre- 
hend. ^'^ABC  This.  *''-*A  Error  of  the  perfection  of 
monks,  B  C  E.  of  the  monks,  touching  perfection.  *'■'''  A 
Prefixes  "  He,"'  D  Testifies.  ^"  What  follows,  A  B  C  In 
his  time  this  was  a  new  saying  [A  A  new  or  strange  voice] 
that  the  monastical  life  is  a  state  of  perfection.  *'^  ABC 
Thus,  D  Reverts  to  Tav.  *-'  A  B  C  Do  cleave  fast  unto, 
D  Cling  to.  *-'^  The  vows.  ^'^  ABC  Merit.  ^-^  This 
constant  formula  of  Ed.  2  has  not  been  changed  by  C,  or 
C^  C,  D  As  that  they  justify. 


THE  AUGSBURG  COXFESSIOX.  95 

they  be  ^^"'  the  *-"  Christian  perfection,  that  they 
keep  '"■*  the  counsels  and  the  commandments,  that 
they  have  superfluity  of  good  works.'-'  All  these 
tilings,  since  *^'  they  be  false  and  contrary  to  Christ's 
doctrine,  make  vows  to  be  '^'  vain  and  of  none 
effect. '^- 

7.  Of  the  Power  of  the  Church. 

Great  disputations  have  been  of  the  power*  of 
bishops,  in  which  many""  men  ^  have  confusedly^ 
mingled  together  the  power  of  the  Church,''  and 
the  power  of  the  sword.  Of  this  confusion,"  great 
battles,  great  unquietness^  have  proceeded,  while* 
bishops  "'  bearing  themselves  bold  upon"  the  power 
of  the '-  Keys,  not  alonely  have  instituted  and 
begun  '^  new  '^  honors  ^*  of  God,  and  not  only  have  '""^ 
burdened  consciences,'^  with  reservation  '"  of  cases, 
and  with  '^  violent  excommunications  and  cursings,*" 
but  also  have-'  translated  and  removed"^  the  king- 

'-•^  AB  C  Are,  D  Constitute.  '-"  ABC  Delete.  «*  A 
BC  Do  keep.  '-'"ABC  Works  of  supererogation.  '™A 
B  C  Seeing  that,  D  Being  false.  "'  ABC  Delete  "  Con- 
trary— be.'"  *^- A  B  C  .After  "  \'ain,"  ''  Do  make  vows  to  be 
of  none  effect,"  D  '"  They  also  make  the  vows  invalid." 

'ABC  There  have  been  great  controversies  touching. 
''■  A  B  Add  "  .And  authority."  -'»  D  Some.  'ABC  Delete. 
^ABC  Incommodiously,  D  In  an  unseemly  manner. 
"^AB  C  Ecclesiastical  power.  ''ABC  Prefix  "  And  out." 
'ABC  Transfer  hither  the  verb,  reading,  ''There  have 
[A  hath]  sprung."  'ABC  For  g.  b.  g.  u.,  read,  "  \'ery 
great  wars  and  tumults.''  "ABC  Add,  "That  the.'' 
'"  A  B  Popes.  C  Pontiff's.  "  C  Trusting  in.  ''-A  Deletes. 
'■'ABC  Have  not  only  appointed.  D  Instituted.  "ABC 
Add.  "Kinds  of."  '^  A  B  Worship  and  ABC  Service. 
'*ABC  Delete  n.o.  h.  ''A  B  C  Prefix  "  men's."  '"ABC 
By  reserving.  '''ABC  By.  '"  A  B  C  Delete  a.  c.  -'A 
B  But  also  have  labored,  C  But  have  also  endeavored. 
='  A  B  C  For  t.  a.  r.,  '■  To  transfer." 


96  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

doms  of  the  world,^^  and  gone  about  -^  to  take^'  away 
the  Empire  from  the  Emperors."''  Well  disposed 
and  learned  men  have "'  reproved  ^-  these  vices  in 
the  Church  long  since.  Therefore  "^  our  preachers;*' 
to  the  intent ^^  to^"  comfort^"''  consciences,^^  were 
constrained  to  show  the  difference  of  ^^  the  ecclesi- 
astical power,  and  of  the  power  of  the  sword,^  and 
have^*'  taught  that  either^'  of  them,  because  of^- 
God's  commandment,  is  ^^  to  be  had  in  great  rever- 
ence and  honor,*^  as  high  benefits"  of  God  upon 
earth.  And  thus  our  learned  men  think  ;  '^-  this  is 
their  opinion,^^  that  the  power  of  the  keys,  or  the 
power  of  the  bishops  according  to"  the  Gospel,  is 
a  power  or  a  commandment,"*  of  ^'^  God,  to  preach  *' 
the  Gospel,  to  remit  and  retain,  loose  and  bind  sins,^' 
and  to  minister  ■*-  sacraments.  For  with  that  com- 
mandment, Christ  sendeth  forth  his  Apostles,  say- 
ing ^'■' :  "  As  my  ^"  Father  hath  sent  me,  even  ^^  so 
I  send  you.     Take  ^^  the  Moly  Ghost ;  whose  sins 

-'A  B  C  Worldly  kingdoms  from  one  to  another.  ^*AB  C 
Delete  g.  a.  '"'A  B  Spoil,  C  Despoil.  ■^•'A  B  C  Emperors  of 
their  power  and  authority.  '^'  A  B  C  Transpose  reading, 
"  These  faults  did  [D  have]  godly  and  learned  men  long 
since."  ^*A  (Ungrammatically)  Reprehended,  B  C  Repre- 
hend, D  "  Reprehended,"  (see  27 ).  "'A  B  C  And  for  that  cause. 
^"A  B  Divines,  C  Teachers,  ABC  Transfer  hither  "  were 
constrained,"  A  B  Reading  "  Fain  "  ;  C  "  Compelled.''  ''^A 
B  C  Delete.  ^'-  ABC  For  the.  ■■-"  D  Comforting."  '"A 
BC  Of  men's  consciences.  '"ABC  Between.  ^^  A 
B  Ecc.  and  civil  powers,  C  tit  sicpra,  deleting  "Of; ''  after 
"and."  36  ^Bc  Prefix  "And  they."  "  C  Both.  =*«  A 
Deletes  (ungrammatical).  ''■'  B  Are.  *'^  A  B  C  Dutifully 
to  be  reverenced  and  honored.  "ABC  The  chiefest,  D 
The  chief.  ^'^  A  B  C  Delete  entire  clause.  *'  A  B  C  Now 
their  judgment  is  this.  **  A  B  C  By  the  rule  of.  D  reverts 
to  Tav.  "^D  Command.  ^^ABC  From.  ^"ABC  Of 
preaching.  *^  A  B  C  Of  remitting  or  retaining  sins.  *^  A 
B  C  And  of  administering  the.  **  A  B  C  "  Christ  doth  send 
his  Apostles  with  this  charge."  ■''^  AB  The,  C  through- 

out as  in  A.  V.      °'  A  B  Delete.      ^'  A  B  Receive  ye. 


THE  AUGSBURG  COAFESS/OX.  97 

ye  remit,^'  they  be'"*  remitted,'*''  and  whose  sins  ye 
hold  still,'""'  they  be  holden  still."''  Also  in  the 
Gospel  of  Mark-,  he  saith  ''' :  "  Go,'''  preach  the 
Gospel  to  every  creature,"  etc.  This  power  is  put 
in  execution''-'"  onlj'  by  teaching  or  preaching  the 
Gospel,*'  and  by"'  ministering"-  the  sacraments, 
cither  to  a  multitude"^  or  else"'  to  one  man  by  him- 
self,"' according  to""  his"'  vocation  and"'  calling. 
For  here"''  be  granted,  not  corporal"'''  things,  but 
eternal  things,'"  as  eternal"'  righteousness,  the  Holy 
Ghost,  eternal  life.'-  These  things  cannot  chance"' 
or  come,"'  but  by  ministration"'  of  the  Word,  and 
of  the'"  sacraments.  As  Paul  saith:  "The  Gospel 
is  the  power  of  God  to  salvation  to  all "'  that  be- 
lieve ;"  "^  therefore  since  ''*  the  power  of  the  Church  ■*" 
granteth  eternal  things,"'  and  is  exercised"-  only  by 
ministration'^  of  the  Word,  it  letteth ""'  not  civil 
administration."^"'     Like    as""    the    craft   of  singing 

^'AB  Forgive.  "Are.  "A  B  Forgiven.  "A  B  Retain. 
'•  Retained.  ABC  Add  John  x.\.  21-23.  '"  For  "  Also— 
saith,"  A  -Mark.  ''  A  BD  Add  "  And."  B  C  Add  Mark 
xvi.  15.  ■'■•»  D  Exercised.  «"^  Tav.  and  ABC  follow  Kd.  2,  C 
recurs  to  Ed.  i ,  "  Word."  «'ABC  Delete.  '-  ABC  Ad- 
ministering. ''■'AB  Many  jointly,  C  Many.  '''ABC 
Delete.  *'■'  ABC  Several  persons,  C  Single  individuals. 
•*  C  In  accordance  with.  •"•"  ABC  Their.  '-  ABC  De- 
lete V.  a.  '»  ABC  Delete.  '''^  D  Corporeal.  '"  A  B  D 
They  be  not  corporal  things,  but  eternal,  that  are  granted 
unto  us,  C  Thereby  n.  c,  etc.  deleting  "  unto  us  "  of  A  B. 
^' ABC  Prefix  "An."  ■- AB  C  Life  everlasting.  "AB 
C  Delete.  '*  AB  Be  gotten.  C  Be  got,  D  Be  obtained. 
■■'ABC  The  ministry.  "''AB  Delete  o.  t.  '•ABC 
Every  one.  '''ABC  Believeth.  BC  Add  Rom.  i.  16. 
'"AB  Seeing  then  that.  ""AB  Power  ecclesiastical,  C  Ec- 
clesiastical power.  -'ABC  Concerneth  [D  P^estows] 
things  eternal.  "' AB  Putin  use.  "' AB  The  ministry. 
^ABC  Hindereth.  ■■ABC  The  political  fD  Civil  1 
government.      ""AB  Any   more  than,  C  No  more  than. 


98  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

nothing  letteth  civil  or  political  administration ;  ^" 
for-*'  political  administration ''''  goeth *' about  other 
things,-'^  than  doth^-  the  Gospel.  For-'^  the  Gov- 
ernor or  Ruler  ^^  defendeth  ■''  not  minds,'"'  but 
bodies '"'  and  bodily  things,  against  manifest  injuries, 
and  ^^  restraineth  "'^  men  with  '""  the  sword,  and  cor- 
poral pains,""  to  the  intent"'-  to  keep  "''^  civil  justice 
and  peace.""  Therefore  "''  the  power  of  the  Church 
and  the  civil  power  "'"^  may  not  be  mixed  and  "*'  con- 
founded together."^^  The  power  of  the  Church"*^ 
hath  his  '"^  commandment,^"' '"^  to  teach  "^  the  Gospel 
and  to  "^  minister  ^^^  the  sacraments.  Let  it  not 
break  "*  into  another's  office  ;  "^  let  it  not  translate 
and  alter  the  kingdoms  of  the  world, '^^  as  the 
bishops  of  Rome  have  done."''  Let  it  not  abrogate 
and  defeat  laws  of  princes."^  Let  it  not  take  away 
due  and  lawful  obedience  of  the  subject  to  his 
prince."^     Let  it  not  interrupt^""  judgments    of^"^ 

-'  AB  Doth  the  skill  of  music  or  singing,  C  The  art  of 
singing  hinders  political  [D  Civil]  government.  *^  ABC 
Add  ''The."  ^-'AB  Civil  government,  C  The  political 
[D  CivilJ  administration.  '"'  A  B  C  Is  occupied.  ■"  A  B 
C  Matters.  «-ABC  Is.  '''ABC  Delete.  «^AB  The 
Magistrate,  C  The  Magistracy.  ''■' A  B  Is  to  defend,  C 
Defends.  ■"■  ABC  Prefix  "  The,"  D  "  The  Souls."  «'  A 
BC  Prefix  "The."  «''ABHe.  »■' C  Coerces.  "*ABC 
By.  ""  h  B  Punishment,  C  Punishments.  ^'«  ABC  De- 
lete. ^*' A  B  C  That  he  may  uphold,  '"*AB  Transpose, 
reading  "  A  civil."  ^»5  ^  B  C  Wherefore.  ^"«  A  B  C  Ec- 
clesiastical and  civil  powers.  ''''  ABC  Are  not  to  be. 
'"^  ABC  Delete.  ^"^  A  B  C  Ecclesiastical  power.  "'^  A 
B  A  peculiar,  C  Its  own.  ""''  D  Command.  '"ABC 
Preach.  "-ABC  Delete,  D  Restores.  "■*  ABC  Ad- 
minister. "*ABC  By  force  enter.  "^AB  Charge,  C 
The  office  of  another.  ""^  A  B  Turn  worldly  kingdoms 
from  the  right  owners,  C  Transfer  world  kingdoms.  "'  A 
BC  Delete.  ""ABC  After  "Abrogate"  read  "The 
Magistrate's  laws."  "«ABC  Withdraw  from  them  lawful 
obedience.      '^"  A  B  C  Hinder.      ''^^  ABC  Touching. 


THE  AUGSBCRG  COXFESSIOX.  D'J 

any  civil  ordinances '-  or  contracts.  Let  it  not 
prescribe  or  appoint'^  laws  to  governors'-^  of'^  the 
form  and  factor '-''  of  the  commonwealth ;  '■'^  as 
Christ  saith  :  "  My  Kingdom  is  not  of  this  world."'""* 
Also  in  another  place  he  saith  '-^ :  Quis  me  coiisti- 
tiiit  jiidicetn  aut  divisorcm  super  vos}"^^  That  is  to 
g^y.131.  "  wiiQ  made  me  a  judge  or  divider'-"  over 
you?"  And  Paul  saith '^  to  the  Philippians '^ : 
"Our  policy  or '^^  conversation''^  is  in  heaven."''^ 
And  to  the  Corinthians :  "  The  armor  or  weapons 
of  our  chivalry  be  '^^  not  carnal,  but  mighty 
through  '•^"  God  to  destroy  '^"  cogitations  and  '^' 
thoughts."'^-  After  this  sort '^'*  do  our  men'" 
divide  '^•''  the  offices  and  '^"  duties  of  both  these 
powers,"'  and  teach  '*"*  to  honor  them  both,'^''  and 
do  '"^  acknowledge  that  each  of  them  is  '^'  a  '^'  gift 
and  benefit'"  of  God.  If''  bishops  have  any 
power  of  the  sword,  that  power  have  they  not,''^'  as 
bishops  by  the  commandment'''"  of  the  Gospel, 
but  by  man's '■^'''  law  given  to''"'  them  of'^'*  Kings 

•-'-A  adds  "  And  statutes."  '- 'A  B  C  Delete  o.  a.  '-'A  B 
C  The  Magistrate.  '-'A  B  C  Touchin-.  '-'A  B  C  Delete. 
'■-"  C  Republic.  D  State.  ''-'3  C  Add  fohn  xviii.  36.  '-"A  B  C 
Again.  ''^"A  B  C  Delete  Latin.  '■"A  B  C  Delete.  '  -  A  B 
Delete  o.  d.  '"  A  Deletes.  '  ■*  B  C  Delete  t.  t.  P.  ' '^  A 
B  Delete.  ''"^  C  Adds  "  [citizenship].  "  which  D  deletes. 
'•'"  B  C  Add  Phil.  iii.  20,  A  inserts  with  reference  to  what 
follows  "  2  Cor.  10."  ''■  •' A  B  The  weapons  of  our  warfare 
are."  C  as  A.  V.  ' ''■' A  B  In.  ""  A  B  Throw  down.  '"A 
B  Delete  c.  a.  '"  A  B  Imaginations,  B  C  Add  2  Cor.  x. 
4,  D  4  :   5.  '^'  A  B  Thus,  C   In   this  way.  "*  A  B 

Divines,  C  Teachers,  D  Ours.  "'  A  B  Discern  and  dis- 
tinguish. C  distinguish  between.  '"'  ABC  Delete  o.  a. 
'"ABC  Each  power,  one  from  the  other.  '*-  A  B  C  Do 
warn  all  men.  D  Admonish.  "'■'  ABC  Both  powers.  '^"  A 
B  C  To.  '^'  A  B  C  Both  to  be.  '•'-■  A  B  The  good,  C 
The  [highest,]  D  Gifts.  ' '•  ABC  P.lessing.  D  And  bless- 
ings. '^*  A  B  C  Add  "  So  be  that  the,"  D  If  the.  '^^  A  B 
C  Thev  have  it  not.  ''' '  D  Command.  ^'^'^  D  Human. 
'^  A  B'C  Unto.      ''"■^'  D  By. 


100'  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

and  Emperors,  to  ^^'  the  civil  ministration  ^^^  of  their 
own  ^^^  goods.  So  that  this  ^""^  is  another  office  than 
is  ^"^  the  ministration  ^*^-  of  the  Gospel.  Therefore 
whensoever  ^'^'^  question  ^''^  is  made  of  ^*^'^  the  jurisdic- 
tion of  bishops,  the "'"  Empire  ^"''  and  temporal 
power  ought  to  be  divided,  and^*'^  distinguished 
from  the  ^*'^  ecclesiastical  jurisdiction.  Undoubtedly- 
after  ^™  the  Gospel,  and  after  God's  law,^^^  no  ^''^ 
jurisdiction  belongeth  to  the  bishops  (that  is  to 
say)  to  them  to  whom  is  committed  the  ministra- 
tion of  the  Word  and  of  the  Sacraments,  and  only 
this  power  to  remit  and  loose  sins,  and  also  to  dis- 
cern and^"^  judge'''*  doctrines,  and  to  reject  a*""^ 
doctrine  contrary  to  '"''  the  Gospel,  and  to  exclude  ''''' 
and  shut  out,'"'*  from  the  communion  of  the  Church,'''^ 
wicked  men,'^'^  whose  wickedness  is  known/^'  and 
this   must  be  '^^  with   the   Word,'-^  without   man's 

'^"A  B  C  For.  158^  B  C  Government.  '"'^A  B  C  Delete 
160^  B  Yet  this,  C  This  however,  i^i^  B  C  Is  a  kind  of  [D 
Another]  function,  A  B  And  charg^e,  ABC  Diverse  from 
[D  Than].  '«A  B  C  Ministry.  ^•'^^A  B  When  as  C  When, 
D  Transposes  "  when,  therefore.''  "^AB  C  Prefix  "  The.'' 
'"^A  B  Is  touching,  C  touches.  D  Is  concerning.  ''^'*A  B  C 
Delete.  '"^'A  Rule  and  dominion,  B  Civil  dominion,  C  Gov- 
ernment. '"*  A  B  C  Instead  of  "  And — and  "  read,  "  Must 
be."  i««A  B  C  Delete.  '"'A  B  C  Again  by,  D  Again  accord- 
ing to.  '"AB  C  Or,  as  they  term  it,  by  divine  right.  '"-  For 
what  follows,  ABC  "Bishops,  as  they  be,"  [C  Deletes 
"They  be  "]  "  Bishops,  that  is  such  as  [C  "Those  who'']  have 
the  administration  of  the  word  and  sacraments  committed 
to  them  have  no  [C  other]  jurisdiction  at  all.  but  to  forgive 
[C  remit]  sin."  '"A  B  C  Delete  d.  a.  ''*A  B  "  Know  what 
is  true  doctrine,"  C  Take  cognizance  of  [D  Inquire  into] 
doctrine.  ''^A  B  Such,  C  Deletes.  ^'•^AB  As  will  not  stand 
with,  C  Inconsistent  with.  '"  A  B  Debar,  i'**  A  B  C  De- 
lete s.  o.  f.  '""  C  Transfers  hither  the  close  of  sentence  read- 
ing: "Without  human  force,  but  by  the  Word."  ^^"AB 
Such,  C  Those.  '*'AB  As  are  notoriously  wicked.  '«-A 
B  C  Delete  a.  t.  m.  b.  ^*'  AB  Transfers  to  close  of  sen- 
tence, C  As  in  179. 


THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION.  101 

violence.''^  In  these  things,  the  congregations  or 
churches  owe  of  duty,  and  be  '**'''  by  the  law  of 
God  '*^'  bound  ''^  to  submit  themselves  and  ''^''  to 
show  ^*'  obedience,''*"  according  to  that  saying  of 
Christ :  "  Who  heareth  me."  ''"  Hut  when  '•'-  they 
teach  or  ordain  '•''  anything  against  '''^  the  Gospel, 
then  the  congregations  have  ^•'''  a  commandment'"''" 
of  God,  prohibiting  ''■"''  obedience,'"'  as  this ' '-  :  "  Be- 
ware of  false  prophets,"  '•''■'  and  Paul  to  the-'"'  Gala- 
tians-'^":  "If-"'*  an  angel  from  heaven  would -"- 
preach  or  show*''^  any  other  Gospel,  accursed  be 
he."-'"*  Also  to  the  Corinthians-"':  "We  can 
nothing  do^*  against  the  truth,  but  the  truth."-"' 
Also  in  another  place  he  saith  -"^ :  "  Power  -""  is 
given  to-'"  us  for  edification.-"  and  not  for  destruc- 
tion." -'-  So  also  -'^  do  the  canon  laws  -'^  command. 
2.  Q.  7.-^'  Cap.  Saccrdotcs,  et^'*'  Cap.  Ovcs.  And 
St.-'"   Austin, -'^'  AgaiJist   the   Epistle   of  Petilian-^'^ 

'-'ABC  Human  force;  on  whole  sentence,  D- : 
"Of  the  Church,  wicked  men,  whose  wickedness  is  mani- 
fest, without  human  force,  but  by  the  Word.  '--'  A  B 
C  And  herein  of  necessity  the  Church  ought.  '-*■  B  C 
Divine  right.  '""ABC  Delete.  '"ABC  Delete  s.  t.  a. 
"*  A  B  C  Perform.  '■•*'  ABC  Add  "  I'nto  them."  ''•"  A 
B  C  "He  that  heareth  you.  heareth  me,''  Luke  x.  16.  '■'-  A 
B  When  as.  ''"  A  B  Determine.  ''**  ABC  Contrary  to. 
''^  A  B  C  Have  the  churches.  ''•''  D  Command.  ''•■  A  B 
C  Which  forbiddeth.  ' '"  ABC  Add  "  To  them."  '"-  A 
B  C  Delete.  '"^'  B  C  Add  Matth.  vii.  i  5.  -""'  ABC  De- 
lete. •'"  A  Gal.  I,  BC  Delete,  ""' D  Though.  -"- A  B 
C  Delete.  ^"''  ABC  Delete,  -"*  ABC  Let  him  be  ac- 
cursed, B  C  Add  Gal.  i.  9.  '-"■  B  C  Delete,  A  2  Cor.  13. 
-'*  A  B  We  cannot  do  anything,  C  We  can  do  nothing. 
-""  B  C  Add  2  Cor.  xiii.  8.  '-"-  ABC  Delete  after  "  Also." 
^"'ABC  This  power.  -'"ABC  Delete.  '"ABC  To 
edify,  D  To  edification.  '"ABC  To  destroy,  D  To  de- 
struction, B  C  Add  2  Cor.  xiii.  10.  -''ABC  Delete,  D 
Restores.  -"ABC  Canons.  -'ABC  II.  Ouest.  7. 
'""A  .^  B  C  And.  ""A  B  C  Delete.  ''^A  B  C  Au'gustine, 
A  B  C  Add   "  In  his  treatise.     '-"'A  B  C  Pctilian's  Epistle. 


102  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

saith  :  "  If  catholic  bishops  be  deceived  anywhere 
by  chance,  and  think  anything  against  the  canoni- 
cal Scriptures  of  God,  we  ought  not  to  consent  to 
them."  ^""^  If  bishops  ""-^  have  any  other  power  or 
jurisdiction,  as^^'  in  cognizance  of  plea,  or  in  deter- 
mining of^^^  certain  causes,"^  as"^^  of  matrimony  or 
^^2.5 a  i-jtj^gg  .  ^l-^ey  have"-  it  by  man's  law,"''  where- 
in "^^  when  the  ordinaries  "'  fail  to  do  their  duties,^'^'^' 
because  either  they  will  not  or  cannot,'^^  princes  ^'^^  "^ 
be  compelled  -^-  (yea,  whether  they  will  or  not)  ^^^ 
to  see  the  law  ministered  "^^  to  their  subjects  for 
peace  to  be  had  amongst  them.-^' 

Moreover  it  is  disputed"^''  whether  bishops  or 
pastors  have  right  and  authority  ~^'  to  ordain  ^^"* 
ceremonies  in  the  Church,  and  to  make  laws  of  ^*' 
meats,  of-^*^  holy  days,^^'  and""*  degrees  of  minis- 
ters or  orders,-^"  etc.  They  that  imagine  this 
authority  to  be  in  -^^  bishops,  allege  and  bring  for 

^^"ABC  Reconstruct:  "Neither  must  we  subscribe 
[D  Give  assent]  to  Catholic  bishops,  if  they  chance  to 
err,  or  AB  Hold  opinions  which  be  against  the  Scrip- 
tures, C  Determine  anything  contrary  to  the  canonical 
Scriptures,  p  Entertain  any  opinion,  C  D  The  Canonical 
Divine  Scriptures.  -"ABC  Delete,  and  insert  "So  be 
that  they,"  D  "  If  they."  '^^'A  B  C  Delete.  -^^  A  B  O  Hear- 
ing and  understanding,  D  Judging.  "'AB  C  Cases.  '■^'^A 
B  Adds  "  Namely.  '"^^  C  "  And,"  delete  "  Of,"  D  Restores 
"  Of."  ^•-"'AB  C  Hold.  ''•''  C  Human  right.  ^^^A  And  that, 
B  fust  as,  C  But.  -'■'^  A  The  ordinary  judges,  B  Ordinary 
judges.  -*ABC  Delete,  -"ABC  Delete.  -"^  The  princes. 
-•"  ABC  Are  constrained.  -'■^  A  B  Will  they,  nill  they, 
C  Whether  they  wish  to  do  so  or  not,  D  Even  against 
their  wish.  ^-^*  A  B  Minister  justice,  C  To  declare  the  law, 
D  Dispense  justice.  -■^''  ABC  For  [D  The]  maintaining 
of  peace.  ^•^"  ABC  Besides  these  things  [D  Moreover] 
there  is  a  controversy.  -'''  Instead  of  r.  a.  a.,  ABC  read 
"  Power."  D  "  The  right."  ''*  C  Institute,  D  Establish. 
'''•''  C  Concerning.  -'«  ABC  And.  -"  C  Holidays,  D 
Holy  days.  -"^  D  Deletes.  -'"  A  B  C  Or  orders  of  minis- 
ters. '"'A  B  C  They  that  ascribe  this  power  [D  right]  to  the. 


THE  AUGSBURG  COXFESSIOX.  lO.i 

them-"  this  testimony  and  authority  of  Scripture"''': 
"Yet-^  I  have  many  things  to  say  to -'"  you,  but 
ye  cannot  yet""  bear  them,-'"  but  when  that'-''' 
s[)irit  of  verity'"  shall  come,  he  shall  teach  you  all 
truth."-''  They  allege  also  the  example''-  of  the 
Apostles  which  ''^  made  a  prohibition  that  the 
people  should  '''  abstain  from  blood  and  suffocate.''' 
They  allege  the  Sabbath  day  changed  into  Sunday,'"' 
contrary''"  to  the  book  of  the  X  commandments, 
called  the  Decalogue,^  as  it  seemeth.  Neither  is 
there  any '' "  example  more  ■*'  cracked  upon  and 
boasted  ^''  than  -'"'-  is  ^'^  the  changing  -''*  of  the  Sab- 
bath day.-'''  Great,  say  they,  is  the  power  and 
authority  of  the  Church,-'"'  since  it""'  dispensed  with 
one  -'"  of  the  X  commandments.-"'' 

But  as  touching  -''"  this  question,  our  men  '-"'  teach 
after  this  sort,-"-  that  bishops  -"^  have  no  power  to 
decree  and'"'  ordain  anything  against  the-''  Gospel, 

■-"ABC  Delete  a.  b.  f.  t.  -"  ABC  Delete  a.  a.  o. 
S.,  and  substitute  "  For  it.''  -"'  ABC  Transpose  to  after 
"have."  -*'ABC  Unto.  -'"ABC  Delete.  -'■' A  Away 
now,  B  C  Now.  -'-'^  D  The.  - "  ABC  Truth.  -'■^'  B  C 
Add  John  xvi.  12,  13.  -^-  ABC  Examples.  "'  C  Who. 
-•''  ABC  Commanded  the  Christians  [C  Deletes  t.  c]  to. 
^  A  B  C  That  which  was  strangled,  B  C  Add  Acts  xv.  29, 
D  Acts  XV.  20.  -'"  ABC  Change  of  the  Sabbath  into  the 
Lord's  Day.  -^"  A  B  C  Transfer  "As  it  seemeth"  from 
close  of  sentence.  -''"  A  B  To  the  Moral  Law,  C  To  the 
Decalogue,  D  Adds  Luke  vi.  5.  '^'"'^  ABC  And  thev  have 
no.  D  There  is  no.  '''*'  A  B  So  oft.  -'■'  ABC  In  their 
mouths.  -'■-  A  B  As.  -'■•  ABC  Delete.  -"''  ABC  Change. 
''*"  ABC  Delete.  -'^''  ABC  They  will  needs  have  the 

Church's  power  and  authority  to  be  very  great,  D  Great 
indeed,  they  declare  must  be  the  power  of  the  church. 
'"•'  ABC  Because  [D  smce]  it  hath.  -'-  A  B  C  A  pre- 
cept. '«■'  A  B  Moral  Law,  C  Decalogue.  '■"  ABC  Of. 
'■'  C  Our.  --•  A  B  C  Do  thus  teach.  -'■•  ABC  Prefix 
"  The."       ^■'  A  B  C  Delete  d.  a.       -■ '  ABC  Contrary  to. 


104  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

as  it  is^^  showed  ^^^*  before.  The  canon  laws  teach 
the  same  thing. ^"  9.  distinct.^'^  But^^  it  is  against 
Scripture^"  to  make  traditions,  or  to  exact  or 
require  them  to  be  observed,-®^  for  the  intent  ''^'^  that 
by  that  observation  '-^  we  may  '"^  get  pardon  ^^  of 
sins, and  may'*^''  satisfy  and  make  amends^"''  for  sins.^-^ 
For  thus^''^  the  glory  of  the  merit  of  Christ^''*'  is  hurt 
and  minished,-^^  when  -^-  we  go  about  -^-^  to  deserve  ^''"' 
remission  of  sins  and^^^  justification  with  such 
observations.  Now  it  is  openly  known '^^  that^^'' 
traditions  have  grown  "^®  almost  "^"  to  ^*^"^  an  infinite 
number  in  the  Church  by  means  of  that  persuasion, 
and^*^^  the  doctrine  of^*^"  faith  and^"^  righteousness 
of  faith  in  the  mean  while  hath  been  ^"^  oppressed.^"^ 
For  still  ^^^  more  ^"^  holy  days  **  and  more  were  ^^ 

•-"''A  B  C  As  was.  ='«^  D  Shown.  -"ABC  The  same 
also  do  the  canons  teach.  ^' -  A  B  C  Distinct  9.  ^'^  A  B  C 
Moreover.  -'"»  ABC  Prefix  "  The."  ^^'  A  B  C  To  or- 
dain or  require  the  observation.  [D  Observance]  of  any 
traditions.  '«'A  B  C  To  the  end.  -"'  ABC  Delete  t.  b. 
t.  o.  -'^  A  B  Might.  -'^'  ABC  Merit  remission,  D  Make 
satisfaction  for.  C^  Satisfy  for.  =^«  ABC  Delete.  '^"  A 
B  C  Delete  a.  m.  a,  D  Or  merit  grace  and  righteousness  by 
such  an  observance.  C'^  And  merit  grace  and  righteous- 
ness. ■'^  Tav.  and  A  B  C  C  follow  here,  Ed.  2.  '^^' AB 
C  Delete.  -'^'  ABC  Christ's  merit.  '''^  A  B  Receiveth 
a  blow,  C  Suffers  a  blow,  D  Is  dishonored.  "''-  A  B  When 
as.  -''^^  ABC"  Seek."  They  transfer  final  clause,  read- 
ing "  By  such  observances."  ''^'  ABC  Merit.  ^''^  C  De- 
letes r.  o.  s.  a.,  thus  conforming  to  Ed.  i.  -■"'  ABC  Very 
apparent,  D  But  it  is  apparent.  -"'  ABC  Transfer  a 
later  clause  reading  "  Through  this  persuasion."  ^^"  A  B 
C  Grew.  -"'"  A  B  C  Delete.  '•""  A  B  C  Into,  D  ?//^7//ra. 
■''"  ABC  Delete  and  transfer  hither  "  In  the  meanwhile," 
D  While  in  the  meantime.  *'-  C  Concerning.  '•'"  ABC 
add  "  Of  the."  ^"  ABC  Was  quite.  -^"^  A  B  Smothered,  C 
Suppressed.  ■'"®  A  B  Ever  and  anon,  C  Thereupon,  D 
From  time  to  time.  •*"'  ABC  There  were  new,  D  New  h. 
were  made.  ''"*^  C  Holidays,  D  Holydays.  ^'^^  A  B  C  De- 
lete a.  m.  w. 


THE  AUGSBURG  COXFESSIOX.  105 

made,  and^"*  fasting  days'"'  were'*'-  commanded,^'* 
new  ceremonies,  new  honorings  of  ^'^  saints  were'^'* 
instituted.-""  For  *'"  the  devisers  and'"'  authors  of 
such  things  ""  thought'"^  to  get^''  remission  of  sins 
and  justification''--  with  these  works.  So  grew  up 
the  penitential  canons  in  times  passed,'^-' of  which  ^-^ 
yet  we  see  certain^''  tokens  and  steps -^-^  in  satisfac- 
tions.^-*^ * 

Also  many  writers  there  be  which  feign  that  in  the 
New  Testament  there  must  be  an  honoring  of  God, 
hke  as  that  which  we  read  in  Leviticus,  the  order- 
ing whereof  God  committed  to  the  Apostles  and 
bishops.  And  these  writers  seem  to  be  deceived 
with  the  example  of  Moses'  law,  as  though  the 
righteousness  of  the  New  Testament  were  an  out- 
ward observation  of  certain  rites  and  ceremonies, 
like  as  the  justice  of  the  old  law  was  an  outward 
observation  of  certain  rites.  Wherefore,  like  as  in 
the  old  law,  it  was  sin  to  eat  swine's  flesh,  so,  in  the 
New  Testament,  they  put  sin  in  meats,  in  days,  in 
vesture,   and   semblable  things.     And  they  think 

""  ABC  Delete.  ^"  A  B  C  Fasts.  '-'  ABC  De- 
lete. ^'^  ABC  Appointed.  ^"  A  B  C  Worships  for. 
"=•  ABC  Delete.  ■■"•  A  B  Ordained.  '■  ABC  Be- 
cause that,  D  Because.  "- A  B  C  Delete  devisers  and. 
""  A  B  Gear.  -"  ABC  Supposed,  ABC  Transfer  last 
clause,  reading,  '•  Bv  these  works."  D  'That  by  these 
works."  '■-'  ABC  -Slerit,  D  They  should  merit.  ''--  A  B 
C  For  r.  o.  s.  a.  j.,  read  "Grace,"  C  changes  to  Ed.  i. 
■•"'ABC  .After  the  same  manner  heretofore  did  the  peni- 
tential canons  increase,  D  Thus  formerly  the  number  of 
penitential  canons  increased.  '-'  ABC  Whereof.  '-^  A 
BC  We  still  see  some.  '-«  For  t.  a.  s.,  A  B  read  "  Foot- 
ings," C  "Traces,"  D  Prefixes  "The"  before  ".Satisfac- 
tions." '•-■  •;  between  *  *  in  Tav.,  AB  From  Ed.  2,  C  Fol- 
lowing Ed.  i:  ".Moreover  |D  Likewise)  the  authors  of 
traditions  do  [D  Act]  contrary  to  the  command  of  God 
when  they  find  matters  of  sin  [D  .Make  sin  to  consist]  in 
[D  Certain]  foods,  in  days  and  like  things,  and  burden  the 
8 


106  THE  AUGSBURG  CONFESSION. 

that  the  righteousness  of  the  New  Testament  con- 
not  be  without  these  things.  Of  this  occasion  came 
those  burdens,  that  certain  meats  do  defile  and  pol- 
lute the  conscience,  and  that  it  is  deadly  sin  to 
omit  and  leave  unsaid  canonical  hours,  that  fastings 
deserve  remission  of  sins,  and  that  they  be  necessary 
to  the  righteousness  of  the  New  Testament,  that 
sin  in  a  case  reserved  cannot  be  forgiven  without  the 
authority  of  the  reserver,  whereas  in  very  deed  the 
canons  themselves  speak  only  of  the  reservation  of 
the  canonical  pain  and  not  of  the  reservation  of  sin.* 
From  ^-^  whence,  I  pray  you,^--'  and  of  whom  *^" 
have  the  bishops  their  ^^^  power  and  authority j'^'^''""  to 
lay^^^  these  traditions  upon  the  Church,'^'^'^  to  vex  or 
grieve ^^*  their ^^  consciences?^^*'      For  every  man 

Church  with  the  servitude  of  the  law,  as  if  there  ought  to 
be  among  Christians,  in  order  to  merit  justification,  a 
service  hke  the  Levitical,  the  ordination  [D  Ordaining] 
of  which  God  has  |D  Should  have]  committed  to  the 
Apostles  and  [D  Tiie]  bishops.  For  this  some  of  them 
write,  and  the  Pontiffs  [D  Popes]  in  some  measure  seem  to 
be  misled  by  the  example  of  the  Law  of  Moses.  From  [D 
Deletes  "  From  "]  hence  are  those  burdens  that  it  is  [D]  A 
mortal  sin,  even  without  offence  [D  If  no  offence  is  given] 
to  others,  to  do  manual  labor  on  the  festivals,  that  it  is  a 
mortal  sin  to  omit  the  Canonical  Hours,  that  certain  foods 
defile  the  conscience,  that  fastings  are  works  which  appease 
God;  that  sin,  in  a  reserved  case  cannot  be  pardoned  |D 
Forgiven],  but  by  the  authority  of  him  that  reserved  it; 
whereas  the  Canons  [D  Themselves)  speak  only  of  [D 
The]  reserving  of  Ecclesiastical  penalty,  and  not  of  the 
reserving  of  the  fault  [D  Guilt]."  ■'■'■*  A  B  C  Delete. 
•"^  ABC  Then,  D  Deletes.  •«»  ABC  Delete.  ■"'  A  B 
C  Delete.  '^^^  D  Instead  of  p.  a.  a.,  reads  "  The  author- 
ity." 332  A  B  C  Of  imposing.  ■«  ABC  Churches.  ^'^^  A 
B  For  the  burdening  of",  C  For  the  ensnaring  of.  ^'^^  A  B 
C  Men's.  ""^  Tav.,  A  B,  with  Ed.  i,  omits  here  several 
lines  of  Ed.  2,  restored  by  C :  "  When  [D  While]  Peter 
forbids  (Acts  15:  10)  to  put  a  yoke  upon  the  neck  of  the 
disciples,  and  St.  Paul  says  (2  Cor.  13:  10)  that  the  power 
given  him  was  to  edification,  not  to  destruction.  Why, 
therefore,  do  they  increase  sins  by  these  traditions  ?" 


THE  AUGSBl'RG   COXFESSIOX.  107 

may  see  open  authorities  and  ""  clear  testimonies 
which  prohibit""  the  making  of  such  traditions, 
either  to  deserve  remission  of  sins,'™  or  as  necessary 
to  the  righteousness  of  the  New  Testament  or^"'  to 
salvation.  For  Paul  to  the  Colossians  saith :  '" 
"Let  no  man  judge  you  in  meat,  d rink, *^'^  part  of 
the'"  holy  day,"  etc.-'"  Also,^^''  "If  ye  be  dead 
with  Christ  from  the  elements  •'"'  of  the  world,  why 
as  living  "'  in  the  world  do  ye  keep  decrees:  Touch 
not,  taste  not,  etc.  Which  :.be  commandments  and 
doctrines  of  men,  and  have  a  pretence  and  a 
color'*''' of  wisdom.""'-'  Also,'*'"'  to  Titus,  he  prohi - 
biteth  traditions  apertly,-*^'  warning  that  they  be  not 
attending  to  the  Judaical  tales,  and  to  command- 
ments of  men  which  turn  from  the  truth.-*-''"  And 
Christ,-*'-  speaking  of  them  that  require  traditions 
saith  in  this  wise:'*-''-*  "Let  them  alone;  they  are'*''' 
blind  guides  •*■'•'*  of  the  blind;"  and  he  reproveth '*■"'"' 
such  honors,-*'"  saying:*-'^""  "All  plants  which  the 
father  of  heaven  did  not  plant,  shall  be  plucked  up  by 

•^'"A  B  C  There  are  divers,  D  But  there  are  divers.  ' '"A  B 
Inhibit.  "'■' C  To  merit  grace  (Ed.  i).  '*"  C  (according  to 
Ed.  i)  Deletes  "To — or."  "'  A  Deletes,  BC  Transfers  to 
after  "Paul."  "- AB  In  drink,  C  Or  i.  d.  "'A  Or  a 
piece  of  a,  B  C  Or  in  respect  of  an.  '"  A  B  "In  |  C  Of  | 
the  new  moon,"  or  "In  |C  Of]  the  Sabbath,"  D  Sabbath- 
days,  B  C  Add  Col.  ii.  i6.  "  ABC  Again  ""  A  B 
Rudiments.  '''  AB  As  though  ye  lived.  "-  AB  "  And 
are  the  precepts  and  doctrines  of  men  which  have  a  show," 
C  "  After  the  commandment  and  doctrines  of  men,  which 
things  have  indeed  a  show  of  wisdom."  "''  BC  Add  Col.  ii. 
20-23.  '-'"ABC  And,  D  And  in  the  Epistle.  "'  ABC 
Doth  plainly  forbid.  '''■'  A  B  For  he  saith,  "  Not  listened  to 
Jewish  fables  and  to  the  [D  Deletes  "  The]  precepts  [C 
Commandments]  of  men  that  abhor  [C  Turn  fromj  the 
truth,"  Tit.  I  :  14,  C  "  For  he  saith  ;"  then  follows  A.  \ . 
^''-  A  Adds  Matth.  1 5.  '^'  ABC  Saith  of  them  which  urge 
traditions.  ' "  ABC  Be.  '"  ABC"  Leaders."  All  add 
Matth  XV.  14.  '"'  A  B  Condemneth,  D  Rejects.  ^^'  A  B 
Worships,  C  Services.      '^"ABC  Delete. 


108  THE  AUGSBURG   CONFESSION. 

the  roots."^^  If  bishops  ^^'^  have  authority  to  onerate 
and  lade^^''  churches  with  infinite  ^^^  traditions,  and 
to  snare  ^*^^^  the^*"^  consciences,  why  doth  Scrip- 
ture^®^ so  often  ^*^  prohibit,^*'''  to  make  and  to  hear^'"' 
traditions  ?  Why  doth  it  call  them  doctrines  of 
devils  ?  ^*^^  Did  '^  the  Holy  Ghost  warn  those  things 
before  in  vain  ?  ^^^ 

Wherefore^"''  it  must  needs  consequently  ensue,^''^ 
that,  since  ^"^  ordinances  instituted  ^"^  as  things  ^'"'^ 
necessary,  or  with  an  ^'^  opinion  to  deserve  ^'^  remis- 
sion of  sins,^"  be^"'*  contrary^™  to  the  Gospel ;  that***^ 
it  is  not  lawful  for  any  bishop  ^^^  to  institute  ^^^  or 
require  '^'^  such  honors.^''^  For  it  is  necessary  ^^  that 
the  doctrine  of  Christian  liberty  be  kept  still  *""  in 
the  churches,^'*^  which  is  ^-'-  that  the  bondage  of  the 
law  is  not  necessary  to^^''  justification,  as  it  is  writ- 
ten in  the  epistle  ^^"  to  the  Galatians  :  "  Be  not  sub- 
ject again  to  the  yoke  of  bondage."  ^^^  The  chief 
place  of  the  Gospel  must  needs  ^^"  be  kept  still,^^^ 

•^^»AB  C  As  in  A.  V. ;  add  "  v.  13."  -'owa  33  xhe  bishops. 
'«"  Instead  of  o.  a.  1.,  ABC  read  "Burden  the."  ■'"  A 
BC  Innumerable.  w'a  Q  Ensnare.  "^- A  B  C  Men's, 
^'«^  ABC  Prefix  "  The."  =*'^  ABC  Oft.  ^""  ABC  For- 
bid. '^^''  ABC  Listen  to.  •'*"  A  The  devils'  tradition,  B 
The  traditions  of  devils.  ^^*  ABC  Hath.         ■*«'  ABC 

Warned  us  of  them  to  no  purpose.  ■'"  ABC  Delete.  ■'"'  A 
BC  It  remaineth  [D  follows]  then.  ''-ABC  Seeing. 

'"^AB  Constitutions  ordained,  C  Ordinations,  [D  Ordin- 
ances] constituted,  C  nt  supra.  ■'■'*  ABC  Delete.  -"^  A 
B  Delete.  ■'"  A  B  C  Of  meriting.  "'''  C  "  Grace  "  as  in 
Ed.  I.  A  B  Add  "  By  them."  '"'ABC  Are.  ''"''AB 
Flat  repugnant,  C  Repugnant.  '-"  A  Because  that,  B  C 
Delete.  ="^1  A  B  C  Bishops,  D  The  bishops.  ■'«-  A  B  Ap- 
point. '^^'^  A  Urge,  B  Exact.  ■'-'  A  Any  such  worship. 
B  C  Such  worship.  "^  A  B  Very  requisite.  ''■'^  ABC 
Should  be  maintained.  "*'  A  Church.  •'*-  A  Because. 
■'««  ABC  Unto.  ''^«  ABC  Delete  i.  t.  e.  ^'■'^  ABC"  Come 
not  ye  under  the  yoke  of  bondage  again,"  B  C  Add  Gal. 
V.  I.  ■'"''  ABC  It  is  necessary  that  the  chiefest  point  [D 
chief  article]  of  all  [D  Deletes  "  all  "]  the  Gospel.  '"'''  A 
B  C  Should  be  holden  fast,  D  Maintained. 


THE   ALCSBURG   COXFESSIOX.  109 

whicli  is,''^*  that  we  obtain  remission  of  sins  and 
justification  freely  ^-''^  by  faith  in  Christ,  and  not  for 
certain^*'  observations'^''"  or  honors,'''"  devised  by 
men. 

What  shall  we  think  then '"■•'•'  of  the  Sunday^'"' 
and  *^^  like  rites  of  the  temples  ?  ^"-  To  this  our 
learned  men^"^  say'"*  that  it  is  lawful  to*"''  bishops 
orto*^'^  pastors  to  make*"'  ordinances,  that  things 
be  orderly  done *"'  in  the  Church,  not  that'"'  we 
should  purchase  by  them  ""  remission  of  sins,*"  or 
that  we  can  *'-  satisf}^  for  sins,  or  that  consciences  *''^ 
be*'*  bound  to  judge*'"'  them  necessary  honors,*'^ 
or*'"  to  think  that  they  sin  when,*'"  without 
offence  *''•"-'"  of  other,'-'  they  break  them.  So  Paul 
doth  ordain  *"  that  *^  in  the  congregation,  that 
women  should  cover  their  heads,'-'  and  '''  that  in- 

'■'*ABC  Delete.  *'ABC  Do  freely  obtain  remis- 
sion of  sins  and  justification,  C  following  Kd.  i,  "Do 
freely  obtain  grace,"  D  "We  obtain  grace  freely.''  ""'A 
By  any,  B  By  set,  C  Because  of  certain.  ■''' B  C 
Observances.  '''"AB    Nor   by   any    worship,    C    Or   of 

services.  '■'''  ABC  What  is  then  to  be  thought.  *""  A 
B  C  Lord's  Day.  ""  A  B  Add  "  Of  such  "  ;  C  "  Of." 

"'-' AB  "Used  in  churches,''  C  ut  supra  deleting  "The'' 
D  Church  rites.  ''"  ABC  Hereunto  they.  D  To  this,  ours. 
*"*  ABC  Answer.  ""  A  B  For  the,   C    For,   D    That 

bishops  or  pastors  are  allowed.  ""'  ABC  Delete.  '""  AB 
Appoint.  "'^  ABC  Whereby  [D  So  that]  things  may  be 
done  in  order  [D  orderlv.]  "''  AB  C  Add  "  Bv  them." 

*'"  AB  Should  merit,  C'May  merit.  '"  C  Following  Ed. 
I.  "Grace."  "-  A  B  C  Delete.  '"  AB  C  Men's  con- 
sciences. *"  ABC  Should  be.  "' A  B  C  Esteem.  '"'A 
B  C  .A.S  necessary  services.  ""ABC  And.  *"  A  B  C 
Transfer  last  clause,  AB  reading:  "When  they  violate 
any  one  of  them,"  C  "  When  they  violate  them."'  "''  A  B 
Though  it  be  without.  '-"ABC  Prefi.x  "  The,"  D  Offend- 
ing. '-'  ABC  Others,  D  Deletes  of.  '-'  AB  C  Ordained, 
D  Ordains.  '-'  ABC  Delete,  then  transpose,  "  That  w. 
s.  c.  t.  h.  i.  t.  c."  '-■'  ABC  Add  I  Cor.  xi.  6.  '-'  ABC  De- 
lete. 


no  THE  AUGSBURG   CONFESSION. 


order  ^^  in  the  Church. 

It  is  convenient  that  the  churches  should  keep 
such  ordinances''^"  for  charity  and  tranquihty/^^ 
so  far  forth  ^^'  that  one  offendeth  '^^  not  another,  that 
all  things  be'^  done  in  the  churches '^^  in  order, 
and  without  business  and  trouble'^'';  but  yet'^'' 
so  "^*^  that  the  '^*'  conscience  ^'  be  not  charged  "^  as 
to  **^  think  ^^  that  they  be  '^  necessary  to  salvation, 
or  to  judge ^  that  they  sin"''  when  they  break"" 
them  "'^  without  hurting"^  of  other.  As  no  man*^" 
will  '^^  say  that  a  woman  doth '"'''  sin,'^^  which  goeth 
forth  abroad  ^'^  bare-headed,'"'  offending  no  body 
therewith.*'"  Even  '"'^  such  '^-  is  the  observation  and 
keeping'''^  of  the  Sunday,**"  of  Easter,  of  Pentecost, 
and  like  *"'  holy  days  '*'"  and  rites.     For  they  that 

'-''  ABC  The  interpreters  of  scripture.  *"ABC 
Delete.  ^^^^  AB  C  Should.  «»  AB  In  course  or  order,  C 
In  order,  B  C  add  i  Cor.  xiv.  27,  D  adds  30.  ^^"  AB  C 
Such  [A  B  like]  ordinances  it  behooveth  the  churches  to 
keep.  ^^^ABC  Quietness  sake,  D  For  the  sake  of  charity 
and  peace  to  keep^  ^■•''-  ABC  Delete  f.  f..  D  To  this  ex- 
tent. «3  ^  B  C  Offendeth,  Do  not  offend.  «*  A  B  C  May 
be.  *^^  A  B  C  Transfer  to  after  w,  h.  a.  t.,  reading  "  In 

the  church,"   C,  Churches.  '■■''ABC    Read  for  b.  a.  t.. 

Tumult,  C  adds  "  i  Cor.  14:  40,  and  Phil.  2  :  14."  *'"A  B 
Delete.  ^'«AB  With  this  caution.  ^''AB  Men's,  C  Deletes. 
""ABC  Consciences,  D  The  consciences.  "^AB  C  Burd- 
ened. *^-A  B  They  should.  "A  B  C  Account,  D  Deem. 
*"ABC  Them  as  [D  deletes  "As"]  things.  "'^ABC 
And  think.  "«ABDidsin.  "' C  Violate.  *^«ABAny 
one  of  them.  ^^^ABC  Offence,  D  "Offending,"  deletes 
"Of."  *^"COne.  ^'1  ABC  Would.  D  Will.  «'^' C  De- 
letes. ■'5-  A  B  Offend,  C  Sins.  ^'  A  B  If  she  come  abroad, 
C  If  she  went  into  public,  D  Goes  in  public.  *^*  ABC 
With  her  head  uncovered.  ""'"  AB  Without  the  offence  of 
any,  C  Provided  it  were  without  the  offence  of  men,  D 
Provided  no  one  is  offended.  ^"^  ABC  Delete.  ^^'  A  B 
Of  this  sort.  ^"^  A  B  C  Delete  a.  k.  ^«^  A  B  C  Lord's 
Day.     «^AB  Such.    ««  C  Holidays,  D  Holy  days. 


THE  AUGSBURG   COXFESS/O.V.  HI 

judge*"'  that"'"*  by  the  authority  of  the  Church  the 
observing  of  the  Sunday  instead  of  the  Sabbath 
day  *"'■'  was  ordained  as  a  thing ''"  necessary,  do 
greatly  err.*"'  The  Scripture  permitteth  and  grant- 
eth  that  the  keeping  of  the  Sabbath  day  is  now 
free  ;  for  it  tcachcth  that  the  ceremonies  of  Moses' 
law  after  the  revelation  and  showing  abroad  of 
the  Gospel,  are  not  necessary/"-  And  yet  because 
it  was  needful  '•*  to  ordain*"'  a  certain  day,  that*"*" 
the  people  might  know  when  they  ought '"'  to  come 
together,  it  appeareth  *"''  that  the  Church  did*^ 
appoint  the  Sunday. '""^  which  day*"'  (as  it  seemeth) 
pleased  them  rather  than  the  Sabbath  day,  even  for 
this  cause,*""  that*"'  men  might  have  an  example  of 
Christian  liberty,  and  might  know  that  the  keeping 
and '"^  the  observation  neither  of  the  Saturday,*"^ 
nor  of  any  other  "^*  day  is  necessary.*^' 

"•"ABC  Think.  "'A B  C  Transfer  hither  a  later  clause, 
reading:  "That  the  observation  of  the  Lord's  Day  was  ap- 
pointed "  [D  'Has  been  instituted "].  "''ABC  Delete 
"Day."  ••"ABC  Delete  "A  thing.  "  '"' A  B  They  are 
greatly  deceived,  C  Are  greatly  deceived,  D  inverts  :  "  F"or 
they  err  greatlv  that  think  that  by  the  authority  of  the 
Church,"  etc.  *■■  Kd.  2  has  inverted  and  somewhat  changed 
Ed.  I  ;  accordingly  C,  following  Ed.  i :  "  The  Scripture, which 
teacheth  that  all  the  Mosaical  ceremonies  can  be  omitted 
after  the  Gospel  is  revealed,  has  abrogated  the  Sabbath," 
D  The  S.  has  abrogated  t.  S.,  and  teacheth  that  a.  M.  c. 
iTiay  be,  etc.,  ABC  (following  Ed.  2)  read:  "  Requireth 
that  the  observation  of  it  should  be  now  free;  for  it  teach- 
eth that  the  Mosaical  ceremonies  are  not  needful  after  the 
Gospel  is  revealed."  '''ABC  Requisite,  D  Necessary. 
'•'  ABC  Appoint.  '"♦"  D  In  order  thnt.  '"'  AB  Delete 
t.  o.  *"'•  A  B  Seemeth,  C  Appears.  '"ABC  Add  "  For 
that  purpose."  '•"  ABC  Lord's  Day.  '"'' C  Deletes. 
'■""  ABC''  For  this  cause  also  seemed  [D  Seems]  to  have 
been  pleasing"  ID  Preferred],  deleting  r.  t.  t.  s.  d.  '""'  AB 
Add  "  In  it."  '^ABC  Delete  t.  k.  a.  ^"-A  B  C  Sabbath. 
*"  C  D  Another.     '■'  ABC  Was  of  necessity. 


112  THE  AUGSBURG   CONFESSION. 

Prodigious,  monstrous  and  wonderful  disputations 
are  set  forth  of  the  ^-''  changing  of  the  law,  of  ^'''  the 
ceremonies  of  the  new  law,  of*--  the  changing*"*''  of 
the  Sabbath  day,*^"  which  all  have  sprung  forth  ^^' 
of  a*''^  false  persuasion  and  belief  of  men,^''^  which 
thought*^*  that  there  must  needs  be  in  the  Church 
an  honoring  of  God,**'  like  to  the  Levitical,*'"^  and 
that  Christ  committed*-'"  to  the  Apostles  and  to*""'' 
bishops,  authority  to  invent  and  to  find  out  cere- 
monies which  be  necessary  to  salvation  *'''*  These 
errors  crept  into  the  Church,  when*-'-'  the  right- 
eousness •'""^  of  faith  was  not  clearly  ^^  enough 
taught.  Some  dispute  that  the  keeping  of  the 
Sunday  ^-^  is  not  merely  and  fully  God's  law,*'^ 
but,  in  a  manner,"^"^  as  it  were,  of  the  law  of  God.'*"^'' 
They  prescribe  of  holy  days,'^^'"  how  far  forth  ''"'*  it  is 
lawful  to  work;^'^"  Such  manner  of  disputations, 
what  other  things  be  they,  buf'^""''^  snares  of^""^  con- 
sciences ?     For  although  '"'^  they  busy  themselves''^" 

^^  A  B  There  are  extant  certain  monstrous  disputa- 
tions touching,  C  There  are  certain  marvellous  dis- 
putations touchmg.  ^«'  ABC  And.  *««  A  And  of,  B  C 
And.  ^*^  ABC  Change.  «"'  ABC  Delete.  ^'■"  A  B 
Which  did  all  spring  up,  C  Which  all  arose.  "*-  C  From 
the  D  A.  ^»^  ABC  Delete  a.  b.  o.  m.  «*  A  B  C  Delete. 
'■''  ABC  Should  [D  Ought  to]  be  a  worship  [C  Service] 
in  the  Church.  ^'"^  A  B  Add  "  Worship."  +"■  A  B  Gave 
the  charge  of.  ^''''"  D  "  The."  ^"'  A  B  C  [C  The]  Devis- 
ing [D  "  Of"]  new  ceremonies,  A  B  Transfer  this  to  after 
clause  of  Note  497,  ABC  Add  to  "Ceremonies,"  "Which 
should  be  necessarv  to  salvation."  ■'*'  A  B  Whenas. 
^^»  A  B  Doctrine.  -'"i  ABC  Plainly.  '^"'^  ABC  Obser- 
vation of  the  Lord's  Day.  ^"'  A  B  C  Is  not  indeed  [C  In 
deed]  of  the  law  of  God,  D  Of  Divine  right.  ^''*  ABC 
Delete  i.  a.  m.  ■'"*"  D  Almost  of  Divine  right.  "'"'  ABC 
And  touching  holv  days  [C  Holidays]  [D  Holydays]  they 
prescribe.  ^''«  ABC  Delete.  ^""  ABC  Add  "  In  them," 
D  "  It  is  permitted  to  work  on  them."  ^""'^  ABC"  What 
else  are  such  disputations  but."  5°*  A  B  C  For  men's. 
•'»■'  ABC  Though.     ■^'"  ABC  Seek. 


THE  AUGSBURG  COXFESSIOX.  113 

to  modify,  qualify  and  find  an  epikcc  in  their''" 
traditions/'"*  tempering  the  rigor  of  them  with 
favorable  declarations/''-  yet ''-^  notwithstanding  as 
long  as  the  opinion  that  they  are  necessar>'  doth 
remain  (which  must  needs  remain  where  righteous- 
ness of  faith  and  Christian  liberty  are  not  known), 
this  epikcc,  equit)"  and  favor  can  never  be  perceived, 
nor  known. 

The  Apostles  commanded'"  to  abstain  from 
blood/'''  Who  doth  now  observe  and  keep  it?*'" 
And  yet  they  that  do  not  keep  it,  sin  not;*"^  for 
undoubtedly  ^'^  not^'^  the  Apostles  themselves  would 
burden  the  conscience '*-'"  with  such  bondage,'-' but 
they  prohibited^"  it  for  a  time,  for  avoiding  of 
slander.'-'  For  '"''-*  the  perpetual ''''  will  ^-^  and  mind  '■' 
of  the  Gospel  is^'^  to  be  considered  in  a  decree. 
Scarce"*^  any  canons  are  kept  diligently/''*'  and 
many  daily  go  out  of  use  and  memory,^'  yea  with  •'^- 
them    which    defend    traditions    most    diligently.'" 

5"  Instead  of  "  To— their."  AB  read  "  Qualify,"  C  Mod- 
erate, D  Mitigate.  ■'"'  D  Prefixes  "  The."  ^'"A  B  C  De- 
lete "  Tempering — declarations."  '"  ABC  For  what  fol- 
lows :  "  The  equity  of  them  can  never  be  seen  nor  [C  De- 
letes "Seen  nor"]  perceived,  so  long  as  the  opinion  of 
necessity  remaineth,  which  must  needs  remain,  where  the 
righteousness  of  faith  and  Christian  libertv  are  not  known." 
•"'A  B  Add  "  Them."  ■' '  B  C  Add  Acts'xv.  29,  C  D  Acts 
XV.  20.  ^"'  ABC  Observeth  that  nowadays  .'  ''"  ABC 
Do  not  sin  that  observe  it  not,  D  That  do  not  now  observe  it. 
•^'"ABC  Delete.  '''ABC  Transfer  "Not"  to  after 
"  Would,"  D  "  For  neither  t.  A.  t.  wished  to."  '-"  ABC 
Men's  consciences.  '-'ABC  Such  a  ID  deletes  "A"| 
servitude.  ■'■- AB  C  Forbade.  ■'-' AB  For  oftence' sake.C 
Because  of  scandal,  D  To  avoid  offence.  ^-''  ABC  Trans- 
fer hither  last  clause,  reading  AB  "In  that  decree,"  C 
"In  the  decree.''  ^-■' C  Deletes.  '-'■AB  Intent,  D  Aim. 
■^-"  C  Deletes.  '-- C  Adds  "  Always."  ^'-"  ABC  Scarcely. 
•^'  ABC  Precisely  kept,  D  Kept  with  exactness.  ^"  A  B 
C  (irow  out  of  use  daily.  ''  ABC  Kven  among.  ^"  A 
BC  That  do  most  busily  [D  Kagerly]   defend  traditions. 


114  THE  AUGSBURG   CONFESSION. 

Neither  can  the  consciences  be  holpen,  nor  provided 
for,^'^'*  unless ^^'  this  epikee  ox'"'^  equity  be  kept,^'^^" 
that  is  to  wit,^^''  that  vve'^^^  know  that  canons  and 
decrees  are  to  be  kept  '^^^  without  '^"  opinion  of  neces- 
sity, and  that^"  consciences  are  not  hurt,  though 
traditions  be  forgotten  and  utterly  set  aside.'^- 
Certes  ^^^  bishops  '^"  might  easily  keep  still  '^'  law- 
fyj545a  obedience,'*^-^''  if  they  would  not  enforce  ^^*' 
men  to  keep^*'^  traditions,  which ''^^  cannot  be  kept 
with  good'^^^  conscience.  They'""  command  priests 
to  live  unmarried;'"^  they  receive ^''^  none,  unless'"^ 
they  swear ^'"^  in  effect  that  they  will'*^  not'"-  teach 
the  pure  doctrine  of  the  Gospel.  The  congregations 
require  not  that'*''"  bishops  should '^''^  repair  and 
make '"''^  concord  again,'*''"  with  loss  ""''' and  decay ''''^ 
of  their  honor;^'"^ ""  and  yet  it  should  become  good 
pastors   so'''^  to  do,  but'*"'^  they'"^  only  require ''"- 

^'■'■'^  ABC  There  be  sufficient  care  had  of  men's  consciences. 
^^*^  ABC  Except.  ^■'•'  ABC  Delete  e.  o.  '^'^*'"  D  Observed. 
^^"  A  B  C  Delete  t.  a.  t.  w.  ^.'s  ^g  ^  ^en  should.  D  We 
should.  *^^  Instead  of  "Canons  —  kept,''  ABC  Such 
rites  are  not  [D  deletes  "  Not '']  to  be  observed.  ■'^'^'  ABC 
With  any,  D  Without  being  deemed  necessary.  ^"  ABC 
Add  "  Men's."  ^«  Instead  of  "  Be— aside,"  ABC  read: 
"Grow  out  of  use."  ^^'ABC  Delete.  ^"ABC  "The 
bishops."  ^*^ABC  Return.  «s^  j^)  Prefixes  "The.'' 
^^'•'^D  Adds  "Due  to  them."  ^'"'AB  Have,  C  Urge.  =*' A 
B  C  Observe  such.  ^**  ABC  As.  ^*''  ABC  Prefix  "  A." 
«n  _^  g  Prefix  "  But  now,"  C  Prefixes  "  Now."  -'^^  Instead 
of  p.  t.  1.  u.,  ABC  read:  "Single  life,"  D  "Celibacy.'' 
^^-ABC  And  they  admit  none.  D  Adds  "To  the  minis- 
try." ^^-^  ABC  Except.  ^«"  ABC  Prefix  "  Will,"  D  Re- 
verts to  Tav.  ^"^ABC  Delete  "  In— will."  ^«- A  B  C 
Not  to.  ''"  ABC  Churches  do  not  desire  [D  Ask]  of  the. 
^'"  ABC  That  they  would,  D  Should  procure.  '''»  Instead 
of  a.  m.,  ABC  read:  "Peace  and,"  D  Deletes  "Peace 
and."  ^«'^  ABC  Delete.  ■''-  ABC  Prefix  "  The.  =«^  A 
B  C  Delete  a.  d.  ^*^^  D  "  Own  dignity."  "«^  AB  C  Which 
yet  good  pastors  ought,  D  However,  it  would  be  proper  for 
good  pastors  so  to  do.  '"'^  ABC  Delete.  ^''  A  B  Trans- 
pose "they  "  and  "  only."     '"-  ABC  Desire,  D  Ask. 


THE  AUGSBURG   COXFESSIOX.  115 

that  they  would  release '''^  and  pardon'"^  unjust"^' 
burdens,  which  are '^^  new,  and  received  contrary 
to  the  custom  of  the  Catholic'^"'"'  Church.  We 
will  not  deny  but  in  the  beginning  some  constitu- 
tions were  grounded  upon  reasonable  and  probable 
causes ;  which  yet  are  not  now  agreeable  or  con- 
venient for  the  times  ensuing/'"*^  It  appeareth  also'" 
that  some  were'''^  by''"'''  error  received.  Wherefore 
it  might  appertain  to"^'^'  the  gentleness  of  bishops,'"*' 
now  to  mitigate  and  release  them,^'-  since  such  mu- 
tation brcaketh  not"*^  the  unity  of  the  Church. 
For  many  man's ''^'  traditions  in  process  of'*'  time''*^ 
have  been  changed,  as  the  canons  themselves  do  '^ 
show.^**  That'^'-'  if  it  cannot  be  obtained  that  those 
observations'*'  should  be  ''^'  released,''-'-  which  cannot 
be  done  •'^■'^  without  sin,  we  must'"'  needs '•''^  follow 
the  rule  of  the  Apostles,'^*^  which  command''-'' 
rather'^"''  to  obey  God  than  men.'"'"-'    Peter  forbiddeth 

"'A  B  C  Remit.  ^"'A  B  C  Delete  a.  p.  ''■'''■  D  Prefixes 
"  The."  ■'•'A  B  C  Add  "  Both."  ■'''"  Universal  Christian. 
''•"A  B  C  It  may  well  be  that  some  constitutions  had  some 
probable  causes  [C  Reasons]  when  thev  began,  which  yet 
will  not  agree  to  [B  with]  latter  times,  D  At  first,  some  of 
these  ordinances  may  have  had  probable  reasons,  but  they  are 
not  adapted  to  latter  times.  ''"A  B  C  Is  [H  Also]  evident. 
■'■"  ABC  Transfer  hither  "  received."  ■'•'  ABC  Through, 
D  From  false  notions.  ^^'  AB  Were  for,  C  Were  a  mat- 
ter for.  ^'■'  A  B  Chief  Bishop's  gentleness.  C  Pontifical 
gentleness,  D  Pontifical  clemency.  '■- AB  C  To  mitigate 
them  now.  --'  ABC  For  such  a  charge  would  [D  does] 
not  overthrow.  ^'■'  AB  C  Human.  ''  ABC  Delete,  D  In 
the  course  of.  '"''  ABC  Transfer  "  In  time"  to  close  of 
sentence.  '-"  ABC  Delete.  '""  ABC  Declare.  '"'  A  B 
C  But.  ■''■"'  BC  Observances.  ^'"A  May  not  be,  BC  Mav 
be.  ^'^-BC  Relaxed.  '■■"  AB  Held,  C  Kept.  '"ABC 
Then  must  we.  '■"  ABC  Delete.  '■"•  A B C  The  .Apos- 
tle's rule.  '•■ABC  Willeth,  D  Commands  us.  ■'''■  A  B 
C  Transfer  "  Rather  "  to  after  "God."  '"  B  C  .Add  Acts 
v.  29.  ^*'"  D  Prefixes  "  The."  '""ABC  To  be  imperious. 
D  To  rule. 


116  THE  AUGSBURG   CONFESSION. 

bishops^""-''  to  be  lords  and  emperors"''"  over  the 
Church.""^  Now*'''^  it  is  not  intended  by  us  to  take 
away  jurisdiction^"^  from  the  bishops,  but  this  one 
thing''"*  is  required  of  them,''"^  that  they  would  suffer 
the  Gospel  to  be  purely  taught,  and  that  they  would 
release"""  a  few  certain""'  observations,""^  which 
cannot  be  observed"""  without  sin.  That"^"  if  they 
will  not  remit  nor  release  anything,"^^  let  them  look 
to  their  charge,"^"  how  they  shall  make  "^^  account 
to  God,  in"^*  that"'^  they  were  occasion"^"  of  this 
schism  and  division,"^''  by  reason  of  their  obstinacy 
and  stiffness. 

The  Conclusion  of  the  Book.^ 

These  be  -  the  chiefest  ^  articles  which  seem  to  be 
in  *  controversy  and  debate.'  For  although  of  more 
abuses,  it  might  have  been  spoken,"  yet  because  we 
would  not  be  tedious  or  long,'  we  meddled  but  with 
the  most  principal,^  of  which  the  rest  may  easily  be 
judged."  Great  complaints  there  were,^"  of  pardons,^' 
of-  pilgrimages,  of '^  the  abuse  of  excommunica- 

«°'  A  B  C  Add  I  Pet.  V.  3.  «»^  A  B  Delete.  "«^^  A 
B  C  Our  meaning  is  not  to  have  rule  taken,  D  It  is 
not  our  purpose  to  have  the  bishops  deprived  of  their 
power.  ™*  C  Adds  "  only."  ""^  AB  C  Requested  at  their 
hands,  D  Deletes  a.  t.  h.  "oe  g  q  Relax.  «"'  ABC  De- 
lete. «'«  B  C  Observances.  ""'^  B  C  Held.  «"'  ABC 
But.  «11  A  B  C  Will  remit  none,  D  Nothing.  "'^  ABC 
Delete  t.  t.  c.  D  To  it.  «'•■  ABC  Will  give.  ^»  ^  g  q 
For  this.  "^^  AB  C  Transfer  close  of  sentence  AB  "By 
their  wilfulness,"  C  "By  their  obstinacy.''  "'"AB  They 
afford  occasion,  C  They  afford  cause.  "''  ABC  Delete 
"This"  "  and  division." 

^  This  conclusion  is  lacking  in  A  B.  -  C  Are.  ^  C  Prin- 
cipal. *  C  Matters  of.  ^  C  Deletes  a.  d.  "  C  We  might 
speak  of  more  abuses.  '  C  That  we  might  avoid  undue 
length  '^C  Have  embraced  [D  But]  a  few.  ^  C  Whereby 
it  is  easy  to  judge  of  the  others.  "  C  Have  been  the  com- 
plaints.' "  C  About  indulgences.     i-C  About.     1' C  About. 


THE  AUGSBURG   CONFESSION.  117 

tion.  Parochies  were  "  many  ways  ''  vexed  by  sta- 
tionaries.'*'  Infinite  ^'  contentions  and  strifes  '*  there 
were'-'  betwixt ""^  curates"' and  religious  men,"  for 
the  right  of  the  parish,^  for  confessions,'-'  for"' 
burials,  for  extraordinary  preachings,^'  and  for-' 
other  things  innumerable.-""  We  have  let  these  gere 
pass,-^  to  the  intent^'  that  the  most  principal  points 
of^'  this  matter  shortly^-  set  forth,  might'"  be** 
more  easily  known.^  Neither  is  here  anything^ 
said  or  gathered""  to  the  reproach,  slander  or  hurt 
of*^  any  man.^''  Alonely  those  things*^  have  been 
rehearsed^'  which  seemed^  necessary  to  be  spoken," 
to  the  end "  that  it  might  be  perceived  ''  that  ^'' 
nothing  is  received  in  doctrine  and  ceremonies  with 
us,  against  Scripture,  or  the^"  Catholic^'"  Church. 
For^**  it  is  manifest  and  known  ^'■'  that  we  most''^ 
diligently  take  ^'  heed,  lest  any'-  new  or^  wicked 
opinions'^    should    escape''^    into    our    churches. 

'*  C  The  parishes  have  been.  '■'  C  "  In  manifold  ways." 
Transfer  to  after  "  Vexed."  ^"  C  The  stationarii,  D  The 
dealers  in  indulgences.  '"  C  Endless.  ''  C  Deletes  a.  s. 
"  C  "  Have  arisen,"  instead  of  t.  w.  -"  C  Between.  -'  C 
The  pastors.  -'-'  C  The  monks.  -'  C  About  parochial  law, 
D  Rights.  -'  C  About  confession.  '■'•'  C  About.  -''  C 
About  sermons  on  extraordinary  occasions.  -"  C  About. 
''■*  C  Without  number.  ''  C  Things  of  this  sort  we  pass 
[D  Have  passed]  over.  '"  C  Deletes  t.  t.  i.,  D  In  order. 
^'  C  Those  which  are  chief  in.  -'-'  C  Being  iDriefly.  '•'  C 
May,  D  Might.  "  C  Deletes.  ''  C  Be  noted,  D  The 
more  easily  be  understood.  '■*'  C  Nor  has  anything  been 
here.  '"  C  Adduced.  "■  C  For  the  purpose  of  casting  re- 
proach on.  '''  C  One.  "'  C  Those  things  also,  C  Those 
things  only.  "  C  Enumerated.  '-'  C  It  seemed.  '■'  C  Say. 
^'  C  Deletes.  *■'  C  Understood.  *"  C  Transfers  hither  later 
clause,  and  reads,  "  In  doctrine  and  ceremonials  among  us 
there  is  nothing  received  contrary  to."  '"  C  To  the.  *'"  D 
Universal  Christian.  ^"  C  Inasmuch  as,  D  Since.  *"  C 
Deletes  a.  k.  "  C  Have.  '  C  Taken.  '-'  C  That  no. 
"  C  And.     ^'  C  Godless  doctrines.     "  C  Creep. 


118  THE  AUGSBURG   CONFESSION. 

These  articles,  before  written,  we  thought  best  to 
be  exhibited  and  put  forth  according  to  the  com- 
mandment of  the  Emperor's  Majesty/^  in  which 
might  appear ^^  our  Confession;  and  the  sum  and 
effect  of  their  doctrine  might  be  seen,  which  be 
teachers  and  preachers'^  among  us.  Now^^  if  in 
anything,  this  Confession  shall  seem  to  be  not  per- 
fect and  sufficient,  we  be  ready  (God  willing), 
according  to  the  Scriptures,  to  render  and  give  a 
larger  information.'''^ 

To  the  Imperial  Majesty  of  Caesar  the  Fifth,  his 
faithful  and  true  subjects.*^^ 

John,  Duke  of  Saxony,  Elector. 
George,  Marquis'''^  of  Brandenburg. 
Ernest,  Duke  of  Luneburg. 
Philip,  Landgrave  of  Hesse. 
John  Frederick,  Duke  of  Saxony. 
Francis,  Duke  of  Luneburg. 
Wolfgang,  Prince  of  Anhalt. 
The  Senate  and  Council"*  of  Nurenberg. 
The  Senate  of  Reutlingen. 

Finis. 


'^^  C  "  In  accordance  with  the  Edict  of  His  Imperial  Maj- 
esty, we  wish  [D  Have  desired]  to  present  these  articles 
above  written."  '""'  C  Is,  D  Our  Confession  should  be  con- 
tained. ^"  C  And  in  which  is  [D  Might  be]  seen  a  sum- 
mary of  the  doctrine  of  those  who  teach.  ■'"  C  Deletes. 
^^  C  If  anything  be  lacking  in  this  Confession,  we  are 
prepared,  God  willing,  to  present  ampler  information,  in 
accordance  with  the  Scriptures.  '''  Your  Imperial  Majesty's 
most  [D  Deletes  "  Most"]  faithful  and  humble.  •*'  C  Mar- 
grave.    ^^  C  Magistracy, 


THE  AUGSBURG  COXFESSIOX 

THE    TABLE. 


The  Epistle  of  the  Translator  to  the  Ki^ht  Honorable 
Lord  Thomas  Criimwell,  Lord  Privy  Seal,  and  Chief 

Secretary  to  the  King's  Grace r 

The  Preface  to  the  Kmperor  Charles  \' 7 

The  First  Article:  Of  the  Trinitv '    '  jg 

The  Second  Article:  Of  Original  Sin.  .                    '    '    '  ,3 

The  Third  Article:  Of  the  Humanity  of  Christ     '    '    "  10 

The  I- ourth  Article:  Of  Justification.  .    .             '       "    '  -^o 

The  Fifth  Article:  Of  the  Obtaining  of  Faith    '    '    '    '  ;, 

The  Sixth  Article:  Of  the  f>uits  of  Faith                      '  ^, 

The  Seventh  Article:  Of  the  Holy  Church         •    '    "    •  ;^ 

The  Eighth  Article:  Of  the  Ministers  of  the  Church    '  -^ 

I  he  Ninth  Article:  Of  Baptism     .  '  '  \\ 

The  Tenth  Article  :  Of  the  Sacrament  of  the  Altar  .'    '  ^1 

I  he  Eleventh  Article:  Of  Confession  Tr 

The  Twelfth  Article  :  0{  Penance  or  Repentance'.  ."    "  '-X 

The  Thirteenth  Article :  Of  the  Use  of  the  Sacrament.  27 

The  I-ourteenth  Article:  Of  Order  Ecclesiastical  -.8 

The  1- ifteenth  Article :  Of  Rites  or  Usages  of  the  Church  ^8 

The  Sixteenth  Article :  Of  Political  or  Civil  .Matters  ->q 

The  Seventeenth  Article  :  Of  the  Resurrection  .  ■(^ 

The  Eighteenth  Article  :  Of  the  Free  \\\\\     —        '    '  ^^ 

The  Nineteenth  Article:  Of  the  Cause  of  Sin.  .       '    '  \x 

The  Twentieth  Article  :  Of  Good  Works  - - 

The  Twenty-first  Article  :  Of  Honoring  of 'saints'.  '.    '.  ^j 
The  Articles  in  which  are  rehearsed  certain  abuses  changed. 

The  First  Article:   Of  Both  Kinds  ...  ,8 

The  Second  Article  :  Of  the  Marriage  of  Priests  .    '.    '.  50 

The  Third  Article:  Of  the  Mass,  .  -- 

The  Fourth  Article  :  Of  Confession  .    .        64 

The  I-ifth  Article:  Of  Diversities  of  .Meats                     '  67 

The  Sixth  Article:  Of  Monastical  \'ows  .                        "  70 

The  Seventh  Article:  Of  the  Power  of  the  Church  "    '  95 

FIXIS  TABVLK. 

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FINIS    TABVLE. 


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Date  Due 


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MiO-54 

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